Look 10-15 feet up in trees along forest borders. Hoary Bats prefer woodland, mainly coniferous forests, but hunts over open areas or lakes. They don’t emerge to feed until after dark.

With a wingspan of up to 16 inches, the Hoary Bat is the largest bat in Maryland! Hoary bats have a swift and direct flight which coupled with their size makes it somewhat easy to distinguish in flight. The bats can cover 24 miles while foraging! Among the most widespread of all bats, found throughout most of Canada and the United States and south into Central and South America. The hoary bat is Hawaii’s only native land mammal. Stray individuals have been found from Iceland to Orkney Island as well as in Bermuda and the Dominican Republic.

Conservation Threats: Dramatically declined in number in Maryland, due to White-nose Syndrome. In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’ and ranked as ‘highly endangered’ and ‘highly state rare. Main threat is habitat disturbance. Conservation efforts are more difficult as their roosting locations are mysterious.

Indiana Bats seem to have preferences for hardwood trees that are dead or dying with exfoliating bark. Indiana Bats are frequent roost switchers. Maternity colonies appear to have at least one “primary roost” that is used by the majority of the colony. Over a dozen different “alternate roosts” may be used by portions of the colony intermittently. The switching may be because of a need to regulate temperature during reproduction or due to environmental changes.

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Dense forest stands. Long-eared Bats are active one to two hours after dusk and then again right before sunrise. begin feeding after dusk and often carry larger prey to their night roosts for consumption.

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Heroic agricultural pest eaters! Focus on moths, but also eat beetles, flies, and other insects. They glean from the service rather than capture prey in flight.

WINTER: Very little is known about their winter behavior or habitat. In Maryland, eastern red bats migrate south or or go through short term periods of inactivity known as torpor. They typically seek out leaf litter or hollow trees for shelter during torpor. Occasionally, on a warm winter day, eastern red bats can be seen in flight.

Although our human developments have forced them out of their natural habitats, Big Brown Bats are capable of coexisting with us in our urban, suburban, or rural environments. They are generalists in their foraging behavior, too. They showing no prefernce for feeding over water vs. land, or in forests vs. clearings.

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This is a resource for our blog post about International BatWeek: Why we love bats (And you should, too.) And a project-in-progress:How to Support Bats in Your Backyard

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Males: Females: Both: Dull brown fur with a slightly paler belly. Long ears that would extend well beyond the muzzle (nose) if laid flat.

They prefer to hibernate in caves and mines that are very short in length. Because they hibernate individually, or in groups of less than 50, and have also been found hibernating with other species of bats, documenting info about them has been difficult.

Big Brown Bats have been found to live up to 19 years in the wild. That means a colony of 150 bats, even with the average life expectancy of 7 years, would have prevented over a quarter of a BILLION root-worms during their lives.

Very low levels of light, noise and heat are sufficient enough to wake hibernating bats. Once awoke the bats begin to expend energy and deplete critical fat reserves. If these disturbances are repeated bats, especially juveniles become very susceptible to death.

Moths mainly, plus crickets, flies, mosquitoes, true bugs, beetles, cicadas, and other insects. Heroic agricultural pest eaters: gypsy moths, tent caterpillar moths, Cydia moths, Acrobasis moths, cutworm moths, and coneworm moths

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Conservation Threats: In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’. Dramatically declined due to White-nose Syndrome, but currently on the rebound!

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Conservation Threats: In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’. Hoary Bats make up 40% of bats killed by wind turbines—estimated to be over 128,000 each year.

Primary roosts in canopy gaps and forest edges that receive direct sunlight throughout the day. Alternate roosts are generally in the forest interior with little or no direct sunlight.

Suburban Maryland: Olney, Sandy Spring, Ashton,Rockville, Silver Spring, Bethesda, Gaithersburg, Derwood, Germantown, Damascus, Brookeville, Wheaton, Glenmont, Kensington, Aspen Hill, Takoma Park

Conservation Threats: In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’. Silver-haired Bats are the second largest group (after Hoary Bats) of bats killed by wind turbines.

Conservation Threats: One of the first bat species in the United States to be recognized as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Act. Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’. The Indiana bat experienced a nationwide 57% population decline from 1960 to 2001

SUMMER: Eastern small-footed bats spend summer days roosting in rock crevices, under boulders, in quarries, and very rarely in buildings.

Due to their dependency on rare ecological features where they nest they are at particularly high risk from human endeavors like mining, quarrying, oil and gas drilling and other mineral extraction. Also vulnerable due to agricultural, industrial and residential development.

WINTER: Mysterious! The winter habits of evening bats are relatively unknown. It is thought that they may migrate south during the winter and remain active, but some may hibernate in hollow trees or under bark in Maryland.

Are you sure that’s a dead leaf or a pinecone clinging to the tree branch? Look again! It could be an Eastern Red Bat! Their bright coloring actually turns out to be good camouflage!

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Males: Females: 40% bigger than males Both: Fully furred tail membrane. Long, dense fur is distinctly banded with blackish, brown, or tan colors at the base and white “frosting” at the tips giving the bat a hoary appearance. The fur around the throat and forehead is yellow.

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Males: Females: Both: Dull, wooly fur is distinctly banded, band nearest the body is dark, gray middle, cinnamon-brown tip. Nose is pink to brown. Wing membranes blackish-brown. Hair on feet is short and does not extend beyond claws.

Conservation Threats: The US Fish and Wildlife Service listed the species as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act in April 2015. Dramatically declined in Maryland due to white-nose syndrome. In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’ and ‘highly state rare’.

The Eastern Red Bat is our most common tree bat. They can fly up to 40 miles per hour! Red bats are solitary, coming together only to mate and to migrate. A female Red Bat will even roost by herself when rearing young. Unlike most bats, she might also give birth to twins — or even up to a litter of five! Hibernating Red Bats can adjust their metabolic rate to survive body temperatures as low as 23 degrees F.

Tri-colored bats seem to prefer edge habitats near areas of mixed agricultural use. Among the first bats to emerge at dusk. Look for them at tree-top level. Their foraging behavior is still mostly a mystery.

Heroic mosquito eaters! Capable of filling their stomachs in an hour! Small, soft-bellied prey like, flies, mosquitoes, true bugs, beetles, ants, and other insects

In winter, the largest hibernating populations of Indiana myotis occur in just three states: Kentucky, Missouri, and Indiana, where they form large, highly vulnerable aggregations.

Males: Females: Both: Small bat with dark brown fur that is tipped with light gray, and black on its ears, wings, and tail. Evening bats have relatively short ears and wide dog-like muzzles.

Each Bat name is linked to a brief description and habitat requirements, along with random interesting facts we’re finding as we learn about Maryland’s native bats and how we can support them in our backyard habitats.

Because they choose to hibernate deeply in caves or mines with warm, stable temperatures, White-nose Syndrome is suspected to be the cause of their serious decline.

This species is especially associated with humans, often forming nursery colonies containing hundreds, sometimes thousands of individuals in buildings, attics, and other man-made structures.

They’re nighttime foragers. Wild, heavily forested, mountain regions, frequently but not exclusively in caves in hemlock forests. They are known from hemlock forest habitats and from rock falls, caves, mines and rock crevices associated with hemlock forest regions.

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White-nose Syndrome has devastated the Indiana Bat. Estimated that 95% of Pennsylvania’s entire cave bat population is gone.

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Moths, beetles, true bugs, mosquitoes, ants and other insects. Heroic agricultural pest eaters! Have been know to feed on grain moths hatching from corn cribs

Heroic agricultural pest eaters! They consume significant crop and forest pests including ground beetles, scarab beetles, cucumber beetles, snout beetles and stink bugs, in addition to numerous species of moths and leafhoppers. In general, prodigious quantities of a wide variety of night-flying insects. Beetles, ants, flies, mosquitoes, mayflies, stoneflies, and others.

Males: Females: Both: Medium sized, predominantly black with hair that’s white tipped. Their fur is only lightly haired. Black wings.

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WINTER: Generally migrate south, but occasionally will stay and spend the winter under loose bark, in rock crevices, in clumps of leaves, in woodpecker holes, in bird nests, sometimes open sheds, garages or outbuildings.

generally more solitary and is most often found singly or in very small groups. Chooses maternity roosts beneath exfoliating bark and in tree cavities

Eastern Red bats are some of the earliest evening fliers. If you’re not bat-watching around the edge of a wooded area, you could possibly see them flying around your street-light hunting for moths.

Drinks fresh water daily. Will forage over streams and ponds. Females roost closer to ephemeral water sources than males.

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As Big Brown Bats move into closer contact with us, roosting in our attics, buildings and other man-made structures, bat-specific artificial roosts are a healthy compromise to help us coexist together. Bats stay out of our houses, but are close enough to help us out with insect pest control.

Drinks fresh water daily. Forage over water where their diet consists of aquatic insects, mainly midges, mosquitoes, mayflies, and caddisflies. They prefer to roost near water. and move in and out of adjacent vegetation.

SUMMER: Typically not found in MD during summer. Roost under loose bark, in rock crevices, in clumps of leaves, in woodpecker holes, and sometimes in open sheds, garages or outbuildings.

Conservation Threats: Listed as ‘least concern’ but are second largest group (after Hoary Bats) of bats killed by wind turbines.

Males: Females: Both: Small bat, glossy tan to dark brown. Fur is uniformly dark brown and glossy on the back and upper parts with slightly paler, greyish fur underneath. Has relatively large feet with long hairs that extend past the toenails.

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Males: Females: Both: distinct tri-colored fur that appears reddish-yellowish-brownish and is dark brown at the base, pale in the middle and dark at the tip. Forearms are orange-to-red and wing membrane is black.

They echolocate to find their prey. They are particularly good at hunting insects when they are at close range and packed together. Capture prey both by gleaning and by catching them in the air. When in flight, bats scoop up the prey with their wings, while prey above water is directly grabbed with the mouth.

Evening Bats maternity colonies can get pretty large, with several hundred individuals. Evening bats have a pungent odor! They’re medium to fast flyers with erratic flight patterns but will occasionally fly slow. Their lifespan tends to be shorter than other species of bats.

Tri-colored Bats do not tolerate freezing and are the first to enter hibernation and the last to leave the cave in the spring. They also have strong roost fidelity! Tri-colored bats will return to the exact same spot in a cave or mine from year to year.

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Conservation Threats: Dramatically declined in Maryland, due to White-nose Syndrome. In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’ and ‘highly state rare’. Vulnerable to a number of predators when they are packed together in hibernation. Pesticides can kill them.

Little Brown Bats are heavily dependent upon roosts which provide safe havens from predators that are close to foraging grounds. Nursery roosts are in natural hollows and buildings (or at least close to them). They have been found under the sheet metal roofs of trappers’ caches[5] and attics of buildings. Night roosts tend to be in the same buildings as day roosts, but these roosts tend to be in different spots that are more constrained; the bats pack together for warmth. Bats rest in night roosts after feeding in the evening which may serve to keep their feces away from the day roosts and thus less noticeable to predators.

SUMMER: Buildings, under bridges, in hollow trees, beneath loose bark, and behind shutters. They also will occasionally use bat houses.

Drinks fresh water daily. Roost proximity to water is highly variable and therefore probably not as important as once thought. Ponds, streams, and road ruts appear to be important water sources, especially in upland habitats.

Conservation Threats: Tri-colored bats have dramatically declined in Maryland due to white-nose syndrome. In Maryland, listed as ‘species of greatest conservation need’ and ‘highly state rare’.

Higly vulnerable to predators as they aggregate in large numbers. Human disturbance and the degradation of habitat are the primary causes for the decline.

Beetles mostly, also flies and flying ants. Small nocturnal insects including flying ants, spittle bugs, June beetles, Japanese beetles and moths. Agriculture Pest Hero: Spotted cucumber beetles. Evening bats will “partition” (differentiate to not compete) their food sources with other bats in their range.

SUMMER: Often roost in buildings, mostly hot dry attics but sometimes beneath tar paper, under shingles, behind shutters or siding. They also will occasionally use bat houses. They may have differents roosts for day and night during spring and summer.

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WINTER: True hibernators. Little brown bats often use caves or mines for winter roost sites. Little brown bats hibernate as a community in the winter, with one roost (outside of Maryland) reportedly having over 300,000 bats packed together for warmth!

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Males: Females: Both: Large, brown overall. Large face with short, round ears. Belly tends to be lighter in color. Wings tend to be black.

Males: Brightly colored red and orange Females: Slightly duller and lighter in appearance. Both: Wings are long and pointed. Densely furred. Tail membrane is fully furred. White patch of fur on shoulders and wrists.

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Females form maternity colonies that are no bigger than 20 bats, whereas the males roost alone during summer. Their colonies tend be in foliage where they receive a lot more sunlight than other bat species.

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WINTER: In Maryland, Hoary Bats migrate south for the winter to subtropical, even tropical habitats to hibernate in coniferous trees.

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Males: Females: Both: Mostly golden brown in color and have a black facial mask and ears. Fur is dark at the roots, and fades to a light brown at the tips, which gives the bats a signature shiny, yellow-brown appearance.

Silver-haired Bats fly like Sunday drivers: slow and leisurely, but fairly maneuverable. They will also sometimes hunt together in groups.

Not to mention the 600,000 cucumber beetles, 194,000 scarab beetles, 158,000 leafhoppers, and 335,000 stink bugs per year,

Heroic agricultural pest eaters! Small, soft-bodied insects, like flies, midges, leafhoppers, moths, mosquitoes, beetles, crane flies, lacewings, caddisflies, ants, crickets, and occasional spiders.

A Hoary Bat will normally roosts alone on trees, hidden in the foliage, but sometimes they are seen in caves with other bats. They are not attracted to houses or other human structures, and they stay well-hidden in foliage throughout the day.

SUMMER: Solitary and often roost among leaves in trees. Preferred roosts are most likely to be south facing, deciduous trees, 4-10 feet off the ground.

Big Brown Bats are vital players in the checks and balances of insect pests. Females can consume their weight in insects every night. This adds up in a hurry and makes a significant impact. A colony of 150 bats consuming adult cucumber beetles all summer, which prevents 600,000 fewer egg-layers, which then prevents 33 MILLION of their larvae– a major pest of corn.

Among the smallest of North American bats. Flies slow and erratically from 3- 10 feet off the ground. This is probably why Eastern Small-footed bats are the last to begin hibernation, often the first to leave, by February or March.