Texas has had two naval ensigns, the 1824 green-white-red flag adopted in 1835 and the 1836 13 red-and-white striped flag with a white lone star in the blue canton. The 1836 flag replaced the 1835 flag, and the 1836 flag ceased to exist when Texas joined the U.S. on 29 Dec 1845. Texas currently has no maritime flag. Charles Spain, 5 June 1996

Legal Description Six flags over Texas Republic of Texas Maritime Flags modern ensign 1839 Maritime Auxiliary Flags Pilot Flag State Pledge State Guard State Military Crest TX Version of CSA Statement flag

In 2000, it was moved to a flagpole next to a soldiers’ monument, and its position there was protected by the 2000 Heritage Act.

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Like its Union sibling, it had a dark blue field in the upper left corner – or the canton – and only three stripes, two red and one white. It had seven stars to represent the breakaway states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. And the white stars formed a circle, much like the original Betsy Ross American flag.

The Confederacy took the battle flag design and put it on the canton of its next flag, a white one. They called it the “Stainless Banner.”

Civil WarflagsNorth and South

The first burst may have been in 1948. South Carolina politician Strom Thurmond ran for president under the newly founded States Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrats. The party’s purpose was clear: “We stand for the segregation of the races,” said Article 4 of its platform.

The reverse of the State Seal of Texas features the "Six Flags Over Texas" (not to be confused with the amusement park of the same name). Running clockwise, starting in the 7 o'clock position, they are: Republic of Mexico Spain (post-1785) Royal France (White, semy de lys gold) Republic of Texas (same as the current state flag) Confederate States of America (first national, with 7 stars) United States of America (28 stars - Texas was the 28th state) The obverse of the seal was adopted in 1836, but the reverse described above was designed in 1961 and isn't really seen very often. Andrew Rogers, 18 March 1997

This version of the Texan Naval Ensign is found on several 19th century flag sheets, but the documentary evidence, as published by Charles Spain in the South Texas Law Review, Feb. 1992, Vol.33, No. 1, pp. 215-259, is that the authorized version of the Texan Naval Ensign from 1836 to 1839 had a blue canton proportioned as in the U.S. flag, with the lone star. The 1839 legislation, which adopted the current State flag as the flag of the Republic of Texas, implicitly repealed the 1836 law regarding the naval ensign, in section 4, when it authorized the President to establish a flag for the naval service. I have asked Kin Spain whether the version with the blue vertical hoist, which matches the 1839 national flag, but with 13 stripes replacing the 2 white and red horizontal bars of the 1839 national flag, as evidenced by the mid-19th century flag charts, might be the naval ensign with the 1839 legislation directs the President to approve, but for which no documentary evidence has yet been found in the Texas archives. Devereaux Cannon, 5 October 2001

“To put it more simply, South Carolina and the rest of the South only seceded to preserve the violent domination and enslavement of black people, and the Confederate flag only exists because of that secession,” said CNN political commentator Sally Kohn.

Originally the pledge began with the right hand over the heart while saying the opening words "I pledge allegiance..." The arm was then straightened out, palm upward, in the direction of the flag as one said "to the flag..." and remained extended through the rest of the pledge. Once Hitler came to power in Europe, some Americans were concerned that this position of the arm and hand resembled the Nazi or Fascist salute. In 1942 Congress also established the current practice of rendering the pledge with the right hand over the heart. Joe McMillan, 13 December 2002

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A web site at entertainment.webshots.com/photo/2940642020040738760vSafsx claims Montgomery is the birthplace of the flag of Texas. Elias Granqvist, 23 June 2007

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The racist massacre in a South Carolina church has tipped the balance in a decades-old tug of war over the meaning of the Confederate battle flag.

According to the Flag Law of Texas: Art. 6139b. Pledge of allegiance to the state flag. (a) The pledge of allegiance to the state flag is, ""Honor the Texas Flag, I pledge allegiance to thee Texas. One State, under God, one and indivisible."" (b) The pledge of allegiance to the state flag should be rendered by all present except those in uniform by standing at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. Individuals who are not in uniform and who are wearing a headdress that is easily removable should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, with the hand over the heart. Individuals in uniform should remain silent, face the flag, and render the military salute. (c) The pledge of allegiance to the state flag may be recited at all public and private meetings at which the pledge of allegiance to the United States flag is recited and at state historical events and celebrations. (d) The pledge of allegiance to the state flag should be recited after the pledge of allegiance to the United States flag if both are recited. submitted: Phil Nelson, 13 December 2002 updated: Hank Bourdo, 17 February 2008 note: House Bill 1034 passed on May 4, 2007 was enacted to revise the Pledge. It passed 124 to 12 with 2 absent and 2 not voting.

The original Confederate flag’s similarity to the Union flag quickly confused soldiers, who often couldn’t tell the difference between the two on smoke-filled battlefields.

The Confederate states went through three official flags during the four-year Civil War, but none of them was the battle flag that’s at the center of the current controversy.

The Republic of Texas was the name of Texas before it joined the Union and the current flag was the legal national flag from 10 December 1836 until 25 January 1839 (that's why the "Republic of Texas" proponents use it). Norman Martin, 20 June 1999

In their declarations of secession from the Union, some Southern states expressly mentioned slavery as a reason for their departure.

This "Hybrid" Confederate/Texas flag is one of the novelty flags created by combining the Confederate flag with those currently used by former CSA member states, such as the Confederate/North Carolina flag and the Confederate/South Carolina flag. The flag is offered for sale by several online flag shops. Just like all other similar flags, it is completely unofficial. Tomislav Todorovic, 7 October 2015

“The Heritage Act must be rescinded, and the only thing required to rescind that is a simple majority vote. And once that Act is rescinded, two-thirds would not be needed to change the locations of the flag or any other Civil War or Confederate memorial.”

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“… an increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding States to the institution of slavery, has led to a disregard of their obligations …” South Carolina wrote in its declaration.

As it passed milestones like the Supreme Court ruling on Brown vs. Board of Education, which gave black American children access to all schools, the Confederate battle flag popped up more and more.

While it wasn’t the Confederate states’ official flag, the battle flag was flown by several Confederate Army units. The most notable among them was Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia.

Last modified: 2023-04-15 by rick wyatt Keywords: texas | united states | mexico | republic of texas | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors image by Ivan Sarajcic, 4 April 2007 Legal Description Six flags over Texas Republic of Texas Maritime Flags modern ensign 1839 Maritime Auxiliary Flags Pilot Flag State Pledge State Guard State Military Crest TX Version of CSA Statement flag See also: Texas Flag Code Governor's Flag County Flags of Texas (index page) Municipal Flags of Texas (index page) Texas Government and Department seals Historical Texas Flags Centennial flag Alabama Red Rovers 1835-1836 The Dragon flag which represents the Chinese-Texans Yacht Clubs Texas Clean Marina Texas Severe Storms Association (TESSA) University and college flags in Texas Republic of the Rio Grande Turtle flag Top of Texas Rural Rail District Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Flags of Sexual Orientation Texas Protest Flags Texas Thin Line Flags United States of America States of the United States External sites: 254 Texas Counties website Flags and Maps of Texas website Historic Flags from the Texas State Library and Archives Vexillological Association of the State of Texas In 1846, a star was added, representing Texas, bringing the total number of stars on the U.S. flag to 28. There were thirteen stripes representing the thirteen original colonies. Legal Description Effective September 1, 2001, the laws related to the Texas flag were repealed and re-enacted as a part of the Texas Government Code as follows: Sec. 3100.001. STATE FLAG. The state flag is the 1839 national flag of the Republic of Texas. Sec. 3100.002. DESCRIPTION: IN GENERAL.       (a) The state flag is a rectangle that:             (1) has a width to length ratio of two to three; and             (2) contains:                   (A) one blue vertical stripe that has a width equal to one-third the length of the flag;                   (B) two equal horizontal stripes, the upper stripe white, the lower stripe red, each having                         a length equal to two-thirds the length of the flag; and                   (C) one white, regular five-pointed star:                         (i) located in the center of the blue stripe;                         (ii) oriented so that one point faces upward; and                         (iii) sized so that the diameter of a circle passing through the five points of the star is                               equal to three-fourths the width of the blue stripe.       (b) The red and blue of the state flag are:             (1) the same colors used in the United States flag; and             (2) defined as numbers 193 (red) and 281 (dark blue) of the Pantone Matching System.       (c) The red, white, and blue of the state flag represent, respectively, bravery, purity, and loyalty. Sec. 3100.003. DESCRIPTION UNDER GOVERNOR'S RULES. In addition to each requirement prescribed by Section 3100.002, the governor by executive order published in the Texas Register may prescribe changes or other rules relating to the description of the state flag. Sec. 3100.004. STATE FLAG MOUNTED ON FLAGSTAFF.       (a) If the state flag is mounted on a flagstaff:             (1) the flag should be attached at the peak of the staff;             (2) the staff should be at least 2_1/2 times as long as the flag's hoist; and             (3) if the staff has a finial, the finial should be a star or a spearhead.       (b) If the state flag is permanently mounted on a flagstaff:             (1) the flag may be decorated with gold fringe; and             (2) the staff may be decorated with gold cord or tassels. The former Texas Flag Code is now Government Code sections 3100.051 to 3100.072. The pledge of allegiance to the Texas flag is Government Code sections 3100.101 to 3100.104. The flag retirement ceremony is Government Code sections 3100.151 to 3100.152. State symbols are Government Code sections 3101.001 to 3101.003 (state seal and state arms), 3101.004 (state motto), 3101.005 to 3101.006 (state song), 3101.007 (state bird), 3101.008 (state flower), 3101.009 to 3101.010 (state tree), and 3101.011 (state plays). The authorization for the governor's ability to adopt a governor's flag (which still has not been done) is Government Code section 401.104. Texas Flag Day (March 2) is Government Code section 662.048. Charles Spain, 18 December 2001 A web site at entertainment.webshots.com/photo/2940642020040738760vSafsx claims Montgomery is the birthplace of the flag of Texas. Elias Granqvist, 23 June 2007 Six National Flags over Texas The reverse of the State Seal of Texas features the "Six Flags Over Texas" (not to be confused with the amusement park of the same name). Running clockwise, starting in the 7 o'clock position, they are: Republic of Mexico Spain (post-1785) Royal France (White, semy de lys gold) Republic of Texas (same as the current state flag) Confederate States of America (first national, with 7 stars) United States of America (28 stars - Texas was the 28th state) The obverse of the seal was adopted in 1836, but the reverse described above was designed in 1961 and isn't really seen very often. Andrew Rogers, 18 March 1997 Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas was the name of Texas before it joined the Union and the current flag was the legal national flag from 10 December 1836 until 25 January 1839 (that's why the "Republic of Texas" proponents use it). Norman Martin, 20 June 1999 Maritime Flags image by Ed Qualls, 4 October 2001 This version of the Texan Naval Ensign is found on several 19th century flag sheets, but the documentary evidence, as published by Charles Spain in the South Texas Law Review, Feb. 1992, Vol.33, No. 1, pp. 215-259, is that the authorized version of the Texan Naval Ensign from 1836 to 1839 had a blue canton proportioned as in the U.S. flag, with the lone star. The 1839 legislation, which adopted the current State flag as the flag of the Republic of Texas, implicitly repealed the 1836 law regarding the naval ensign, in section 4, when it authorized the President to establish a flag for the naval service. I have asked Kin Spain whether the version with the blue vertical hoist, which matches the 1839 national flag, but with 13 stripes replacing the 2 white and red horizontal bars of the 1839 national flag, as evidenced by the mid-19th century flag charts, might be the naval ensign with the 1839 legislation directs the President to approve, but for which no documentary evidence has yet been found in the Texas archives. Devereaux Cannon, 5 October 2001 1839 Ensign image by Miles Li, 21 September 2008 Texas has had two naval ensigns, the 1824 green-white-red flag adopted in 1835 and the 1836 13 red-and-white striped flag with a white lone star in the blue canton. The 1836 flag replaced the 1835 flag, and the 1836 flag ceased to exist when Texas joined the U.S. on 29 Dec 1845. Texas currently has no maritime flag. Charles Spain, 5 June 1996 Pilot Flag image by Devereaux Cannon, 9 September 1998 Charles A. Spain in his "The Flags and Seals of Texas" states that this flag is just a "Pilot Flag" used only as an auxiliary flag similar to the U.S. Coast Guard ensign. Since he is on the spot with the Texas primary sources, I am inclined to defer to his opinion. Devereaux Cannon, 9 September 1998 See also: Texas 1839 Maritime Auxiliary Flags

The state military crest, which is the crest used in the coats of arms of units of the National Guard, as granted by the precursor organizations of what is now the Army Institute of Heraldry. The official Institute of Heraldry blazon is "A mullet argent encircled by a garland of live oak and olive proper." Joe McMillan, 21 April 2000

In 1846, a star was added, representing Texas, bringing the total number of stars on the U.S. flag to 28. There were thirteen stripes representing the thirteen original colonies.

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But there’s another thing the state Legislature can do. It can vote to repeal the law altogether – and it only needs a simple majority for that.

The Texas State Guard is the organized militia and Congressionally authorized state defense force of the State of Texas. Administered under the Texas Military Department, along with the Texas National Guard and Texas Air National Guard, the Texas State Guard is answerable only to the Governor of Texas and cannot be brought into federal service. As such, the State Guard can only be mobilized for missions within Texas, normally for emergency and disaster response, though the governor can also mobilize them for border security and community service. These missions are typically conducted in support of the Texas National Guard and Air National Guard. The Texas State Guard is organized into four brigades—the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th Brigades—each responsible for a different geographic area of the state, and is commanded by a Texas major general. (Military personnel holding state ranks are automatically subordinate to personnel holding federal ranks when operating in a joint environment.) The current commanding officer is Maj. Gen. (TX) Anthony Woods, a former US Army officer who left the Army in 2015 and transferred to the Texas State Guard. (https://tmd.texas.gov/state-guard) The flag of the Texas State Guard can be seen in several photographs online and on several websites, including the organization's Wikipedia entry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_State_Guard). The flag can be seen in a photograph at https://thetexan.news/texas-state-guard, showing a changing of command ceremony, with the flag matching that seen on the Wikipedia page. The flag features the Texas State Guard logo centered on a dark blue field. The logo itself has a red capital "T" superimposed over a white five-pointed star. The graphic above has been adapted from the Wikimedia image at https://commons.wikimedia.org, created by user Glasshouse in March 2020.

In 1961, to honor the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Civil War, South Carolina lawmakers raised the Confederate battle flag over the State House.

South flag Civil War

Critics say it’s a racist symbol that represents a war to uphold slavery and, later, a battle to oppose civil rights advances.

“I think it wiser moreover not to keep open the sores of war,” he wrote in a letter, declining an invitation by the Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association.

So politician William Porcher Miles came up with the design we know today – the battle flag: a blue St. Andrew’s Cross with white stars on a red field.

After the Civil War ended, the battle flag turned up here and there only occasionally – at events to commemorate fallen soldiers.

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See also: Texas Flag Code Governor's Flag County Flags of Texas (index page) Municipal Flags of Texas (index page) Texas Government and Department seals Historical Texas Flags Centennial flag Alabama Red Rovers 1835-1836 The Dragon flag which represents the Chinese-Texans Yacht Clubs Texas Clean Marina Texas Severe Storms Association (TESSA) University and college flags in Texas Republic of the Rio Grande Turtle flag Top of Texas Rural Rail District Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Flags of Sexual Orientation Texas Protest Flags Texas Thin Line Flags United States of America States of the United States External sites: 254 Texas Counties website Flags and Maps of Texas website Historic Flags from the Texas State Library and Archives Vexillological Association of the State of Texas

Charles A. Spain in his "The Flags and Seals of Texas" states that this flag is just a "Pilot Flag" used only as an auxiliary flag similar to the U.S. Coast Guard ensign. Since he is on the spot with the Texas primary sources, I am inclined to defer to his opinion. Devereaux Cannon, 9 September 1998

So, when did the flag explode into prominence? It was during the struggle for civil rights for black Americans, in the middle of the 20th century.

Effective September 1, 2001, the laws related to the Texas flag were repealed and re-enacted as a part of the Texas Government Code as follows: Sec. 3100.001. STATE FLAG. The state flag is the 1839 national flag of the Republic of Texas. Sec. 3100.002. DESCRIPTION: IN GENERAL.       (a) The state flag is a rectangle that:             (1) has a width to length ratio of two to three; and             (2) contains:                   (A) one blue vertical stripe that has a width equal to one-third the length of the flag;                   (B) two equal horizontal stripes, the upper stripe white, the lower stripe red, each having                         a length equal to two-thirds the length of the flag; and                   (C) one white, regular five-pointed star:                         (i) located in the center of the blue stripe;                         (ii) oriented so that one point faces upward; and                         (iii) sized so that the diameter of a circle passing through the five points of the star is                               equal to three-fourths the width of the blue stripe.       (b) The red and blue of the state flag are:             (1) the same colors used in the United States flag; and             (2) defined as numbers 193 (red) and 281 (dark blue) of the Pantone Matching System.       (c) The red, white, and blue of the state flag represent, respectively, bravery, purity, and loyalty. Sec. 3100.003. DESCRIPTION UNDER GOVERNOR'S RULES. In addition to each requirement prescribed by Section 3100.002, the governor by executive order published in the Texas Register may prescribe changes or other rules relating to the description of the state flag. Sec. 3100.004. STATE FLAG MOUNTED ON FLAGSTAFF.       (a) If the state flag is mounted on a flagstaff:             (1) the flag should be attached at the peak of the staff;             (2) the staff should be at least 2_1/2 times as long as the flag's hoist; and             (3) if the staff has a finial, the finial should be a star or a spearhead.       (b) If the state flag is permanently mounted on a flagstaff:             (1) the flag may be decorated with gold fringe; and             (2) the staff may be decorated with gold cord or tassels. The former Texas Flag Code is now Government Code sections 3100.051 to 3100.072. The pledge of allegiance to the Texas flag is Government Code sections 3100.101 to 3100.104. The flag retirement ceremony is Government Code sections 3100.151 to 3100.152. State symbols are Government Code sections 3101.001 to 3101.003 (state seal and state arms), 3101.004 (state motto), 3101.005 to 3101.006 (state song), 3101.007 (state bird), 3101.008 (state flower), 3101.009 to 3101.010 (state tree), and 3101.011 (state plays). The authorization for the governor's ability to adopt a governor's flag (which still has not been done) is Government Code section 401.104. Texas Flag Day (March 2) is Government Code section 662.048. Charles Spain, 18 December 2001

So, in the third incarnation of the Confederate flag, a red vertical stripe was added on the far end. This flag was called the “Blood-Stained Banner.”

“The Heritage Act requires a two-thirds vote to change any of these Confederate and Civil War statues and monuments around the state,” U.S. Rep. James Clyburn of South Carolina told CNN.