“With coaching being my final destination, in terms of what I wanted to do, I thought it would be natural to ask if I could be a volunteer assistant coach, and my coach called me in and he said they have a lot of parents that have been worried about their daughter being around someone who is gay … ” Sowers said to NBC Sports Bay Area. “So that’s not something that they would want around the team. So, he asked that I would not be around the team anymore.”

49ersPride Shirt

The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996

My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012

See also: Northern Ireland Other sites: Flags of Ireland website An Bhratach Náisiúnta: The National Flag Symbols of Northern Ireland (CAIN website)Genealogical Society of Ireland (with sections on heraldry and vexillology) An Gal Gréine History of the Flag The stripes were found in a different order in the early (pre-independence) days. James Dignan, 14 May 1996 The oldest known reference to the use of the three colours (green, white and orange) as a nationalist emblem dates from September 1830 when tricolour cockades were worn at a meeting held to celebrate the French revolution of that year - a revolution which restored the use of the French tricolour. The colours were also used in the same period for rosettes and badges, and on the banners of trade guilds. There is also one reference to the use of a flag 'striped with orange and green alternately'. However, the earliest attested use of a tricolour flag was in 1848 when it was adopted by the Young Ireland movement under the influence of another French revolution. Speeches made at that time by the Young Ireland leader Thomas Francis Meagher suggest that it was regarded as an innovation and not as the revival of an older flag. Vincent Morley, 8 January 1997 The Irish television channel RTÉ 1 included the following flag-related item on its main news programme last night. A historian named Dermot Power has established that the tricolour was publicly unveiled by Thomas Francis Meagher, a leader of the Young Ireland movement, at a meeting in his native city of Waterford on 7 March 1848 - exactly 150 years ago today. The report showed the large second-floor window from which he addressed a crowd in the street below and at which the flag was displayed. This discovery pushes back the history of the flag by five weeks: it had previously been thought that it was first displayed by Meagher at a meeting held in Dublin on 15 April 1848. More importantly, the television report stated that Meagher informed the Waterford meeting that the flag was being shown for the first time. No such claim was made at the later Dublin meeting, an omission which had led to speculation that the flag might have been in use for some time before 1848. This possibility now appears to have been excluded. Vincent Morley, 9 March 1998 The use of the Irish tricolour flag in the period 1922-39 was almost entirely confined to the territory of the Irish Free State. To many, perhaps to most, Irish people it was still 'the Sinn Fein Flag'. From Hayes-McCoy (1979), A History of Irish Flags from Earliest Times It was used unofficially by the government in the Irish Free State, but not with the intention that it should become the national flag: "The government in Ireland have taken over the so called Free State Flag in order to forestall its use by republican element and avoid legislative regulation, to leave them free to adopt a more suitable emblem later." [PRO document DO 117/100 written in 1928] In the event the tricolour was adopted as the national flag, but not until 1937. David Prothero, 1 February 2001 See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

(CNN) — A source of inspiration came in 2014. In a historic move at the time, the NBA’s San Antonio Spurs hired Becky Hammon as an assistant coach. Katie Sowers took notice, posting on Twitter a picture of herself, saying, “Coming for the NFL.” Now, Sowers is making history herself, becoming the first woman and openly gay person to coach in a Super Bowl. Sowers is in her fourth season in the NFL and is an offensive assistant with the San Francisco 49ers. “She has done a hell of a job,” 49ers head coach Kyle Shanahan said to NBC Sports Bay Area. In a prominent Microsoft Surface commercial, Sowers, now in her 30s, shared a letter she wrote to herself as a child. “I hope someday I will be on a real football team,” she said. Later in the commercial, as a 49ers coach, she said, “I’m not just here to be the token female. I’m here to help us win.” Rejected because of her sexual orientation Sowers was born in Hesston, Kansas, a community of roughly 3,800 people north of Wichita. She grew up playing football with her twin sister, Liz. The games were informal, backyard football with the boys. “There was no question about playing or not playing,” Liz Sowers told NBC Sports Bay Area. “It was just, we played. That’s it.” Sowers attended Hesston College and then Goshen College in Indiana, graduating in 2009. She earned her master’s degree in kinesiology from the University of Central Missouri in 2012. At Goshen, which is affiliated with the Mennonite Church, Sowers competed in soccer, basketball and track and field. It was then when she came out to family and friends. “When it came to me coming out to my parents, it was nothing but love and acceptance,” Sowers told NBC Sports Bay Area. When her collegiate playing days ended, Sowers asked about taking a position as a volunteer assistant coach on the Goshen women’s basketball team. She said she was turned down based on her sexual orientation. “With coaching being my final destination, in terms of what I wanted to do, I thought it would be natural to ask if I could be a volunteer assistant coach, and my coach called me in and he said they have a lot of parents that have been worried about their daughter being around someone who is gay … ” Sowers said to NBC Sports Bay Area. “So that’s not something that they would want around the team. So, he asked that I would not be around the team anymore.” “I was near tears. He gave me a hug and he said, ‘It’s nothing personal,’ and I remember hugging him but being extremely upset. It was just something that I grieved about for a while, but I decided that I had to move on.” Goshen College president Rebecca Stoltzfus released a statement Wednesday, saying, “Sadly, in 2009, our policies and the laws of Indiana allowed for hiring decisions to consider sexual orientation. I am glad that Goshen College adopted a new non-discrimination policy in 2015, and I am thankful for the leaders before me who brought this change about, not the least of whom were our students and alumni.” Second chance Sowers said after the rejection from Goshen that she felt lost — but that it ultimately pushed her to play in the Women’s Football Alliance with her twin, Liz. “It led me to a second chance at the game that I originally loved the most,” Sowers told NBC Sports Bay Area. Sowers played eight years in the Women’s Football Alliance, first for the West Michigan Mayhem and then for the Kansas City Titans in Missouri. She later became the Titans’ general manager. Those playing in the Women’s Football Alliance are truly in it for the love of the game. They pay to play; there are no salaries. So Sowers, who also was a member of the US Women’s National Football Team in 2013, took on a job coaching youth girls basketball in Kansas City. One of the girls she coached was the daughter of Scott Pioli, the former general manager of the Kansas City Chiefs. Sowers introduced herself. As the dialogue continued, Pioli, who went on to become the assistant general manager of the Atlanta Falcons, started to look into getting Sowers into the NFL. SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA – DECEMBER 15: San Francisco 49ers offensive assistant coach Katie Sowers looks on during the warm up before the game against the Atlanta Falcons at Levi’s Stadium on December 15, 2019 in Santa Clara, California. (Photo by Lachlan Cunningham/Getty Images) Pioli told NBC Sports Bay Area that it took some time to get the Falcons on board. But in 2016, with Pioli’s help, Sowers spent the offseason and training camp with Atlanta through the Bill Walsh Diversity Coaching Fellowship. “Finally the year came where they decided that hey, this was a good idea, and then Kyle Shanahan, our offensive coordinator at the time, was 100% on board having her work on the offensive side of the ball,” Pioli said. After Shanahan left for the 49ers head coaching job in 2017, Sowers, again through the fellowship program, went on to follow him to the Bay Area. “I loved having Katie around, loved her the year I had her in Atlanta,” Shanahan said to NBC Sports Bay Area. “Some of the coaches came to me at the end of (training camp) and told me how much she’s helped and if there was a spot for her to keep her around.” That fall, Shanahan hired Sowers as a seasonal offensive assistant, making her, according to the NFL, the second woman to ever hold a full-time coaching position league history. In a Facebook post, Sowers made a point to thank Pioli publicly. “It’s important for all to know that dreams are achieved by first finding someone who sees your worth and value, regardless of your gender, and takes the necessary steps to clear a path, even on the path less traveled,” Sowers wrote. “Those people are hard to find, but I was blessed to begin my journey in the NFL because of a close friend and mentor in Scott Pioli. “Scott’s passion for equal opportunity and his belief in a small town girl from Kansas, allowed me the opportunity to follow my passion. Scott continues to do amazing work, opening doors and breaking down walls in the NFL that for years have shut people out. I think we could all learn a little from people like Scott Pioli and find a way to open doors for those behind us.” Pioli said in a recent tweet that he simply cultivated an unconditional relationship with Sowers. “I provided her with my mentorship and an opportunity – SHE has done the work and proven herself!” Pioli wrote. ‘Be true to who you are’ In 2017, in an interview with Outsports, Sowers came out as the NFL’s first openly LGBT coach, male or female. “No matter what you do in life, one of the most important things is to be true to who you are,” Sowers, told Outsports at the time. “There are so many people who identify as LGBT in the NFL, as in any business, that do not feel comfortable being public about their sexual orientation. “The more we can create an environment that welcomes all types of people, no matter their race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, the more we can help ease the pain and burden that many carry every day.” Lately, there’s been talk about diversity — or the lack thereof — in the coaching ranks in the NFL. The Rooney Rule, named after the late Dan Rooney of the Pittsburgh Steelers, has been in place since 2003. It requires every team with a head coaching vacancy to interview at least one or more diverse candidates. However, just three of the NFL’s 32 head coaches — Anthony Lynn (Los Angeles Chargers), Brian Flores (Miami Dolphins) and Mike Tomlin (Steelers) — are black. New Washington head coach Ron Rivera, who is Hispanic, is the only minority who was hired when there were five recent head coach openings. Chris Grier of the Miami Dolphins is the only general manager of color. “I think it’s always going to be a challenge in this game, whether it’s male or female, coaches of color, getting a head coaching gig,” 49ers cornerback Richard Sherman said earlier this month. “It’s always going to be a conversation. Owners still look a certain way, they still come from a very old background. It’s going to be this way until things change. “No matter how much people say about it, no matter how much people say the Rooney Rule, ‘You have to interview these guys,’ the coaches still look a certain way for the most part. Every now and then there will be coaches, owners that go out of the norm and hire some coaches. I think it’s unfortunate because there’s a lot of qualified, very qualified, coaches of color and female coaches that deserve a job, deserve to get the opportunity to be head coaches. I think sometimes in this game it gets into the cycle of just old school.” But the players don’t all think that way, and it’s evident with Sowers. “She been tremendous,” 49ers quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo said earlier this month. “Katie was here before I was, but just what she does with the receivers, all the skill positions guys, how she interacts with them, it’s special. She’s feisty … Katie’s awesome out there. She’ll get after guys. It’s fun to be around.” ‘Nothing about what I’m doing is typical’ It wasn’t exactly an opening of the floodgates, but in 2015, when the Arizona Cardinals hired Jen Welter for the team’s coaching staff to work with the Cardinals’ inside linebackers and to coach throughout training camp and the preseason as a training camp/preseason intern, NFL teams took notice. The Buffalo Bills then hired Kathryn Smith, who was a special teams quality control coach for the team in 2016. Then came Sowers, in 2017. More women have arrived to the NFL coaching ranks since. Tampa Bay head coach Bruce Arians hired Maral Javadifar and Lori Locust in March, making the Buccaneers the first NFL team with two full-time women on the coaching staff. In the 2019 season, there were eight women who coached, including four in a full-time role: Sowers, Javadifar, Locust, and the Buffalo Bills’ Callie Brownson. With her persistence, Sowers has made it into the league. But, with the Super Bowl on the horizon, she has more to achieve. And it’s coming against the team closest to her hometown. “Unreal night,” Sowers wrote on Twitter after the 49ers beat the Green Bay Packers to win the NFC championship game. “Takin our talents to South Beach … Niners vs Chiefs … I couldn’t ask for a better game.” In an interview with Hesston College in 2016, when she was with the Falcons, Sowers talked about her career goals. “My long term goal is to be a head coach and then move on to executive management,” Sowers said at the time. “It’s not a typical path, but then again, nothing about what I’m doing is typical.”

It was used unofficially by the government in the Irish Free State, but not with the intention that it should become the national flag: "The government in Ireland have taken over the so called Free State Flag in order to forestall its use by republican element and avoid legislative regulation, to leave them free to adopt a more suitable emblem later." [PRO document DO 117/100 written in 1928] In the event the tricolour was adopted as the national flag, but not until 1937. David Prothero, 1 February 2001 See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

“I was near tears. He gave me a hug and he said, ‘It’s nothing personal,’ and I remember hugging him but being extremely upset. It was just something that I grieved about for a while, but I decided that I had to move on.”

The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999

“I loved having Katie around, loved her the year I had her in Atlanta,” Shanahan said to NBC Sports Bay Area. “Some of the coaches came to me at the end of (training camp) and told me how much she’s helped and if there was a spot for her to keep her around.”

Browse 1,340 colts helmet photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Indianapolis Colts helmet on the sidelines ...

An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001

In the event the tricolour was adopted as the national flag, but not until 1937. David Prothero, 1 February 2001 See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

Lately, there’s been talk about diversity — or the lack thereof — in the coaching ranks in the NFL. The Rooney Rule, named after the late Dan Rooney of the Pittsburgh Steelers, has been in place since 2003. It requires every team with a head coaching vacancy to interview at least one or more diverse candidates.

However, just three of the NFL’s 32 head coaches — Anthony Lynn (Los Angeles Chargers), Brian Flores (Miami Dolphins) and Mike Tomlin (Steelers) — are black. New Washington head coach Ron Rivera, who is Hispanic, is the only minority who was hired when there were five recent head coach openings. Chris Grier of the Miami Dolphins is the only general manager of color.

From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001

Sowers played eight years in the Women’s Football Alliance, first for the West Michigan Mayhem and then for the Kansas City Titans in Missouri. She later became the Titans’ general manager.

Last modified: 2024-07-13 by rob raeside Keywords: ireland | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors 1:2 |  image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Use of flag confirmed 29 December 1937. National Flag and Emblems currently in use Regional and Local Flags Flags of the Armed Forces Flags used afloatHistorical Flags Flags of Political PartiesSports flagOther Irish Flags National Flag and Emblems currently in use History of the flag Colours of the flag Historical colours Meaning of the colours Presidential standard Coat of arms Jack Regional and local flags Provincial flags Flags of county and city councils County colours Clickable maps of Ireland: Counties Provinces Flags of the Armed Forces Flags of the Naval Service Laws for Use of Flags on Vessels Irish Air Corps Aircraft markings Garda Síochána na hÉireann Flags used afloat Irish Coast Guard Yacht Clubs Laws for Use of Flags on Vessels Inland Waterways Association of Ireland Shipping companies Commissioner of Irish Lights The RNLI in Ireland (Northern Ireland) Historical Flags Flag of the Irish Brigade The 'Green Flag' The Starry Plough The Sunburst Farewell Banner Sons of Erin St Patrick's Cross Irish Volunteers Blueshirts Galway National Land League Banner Willie Condon's Fenian Flag of 1867 General O’Duffy’s Irish Brigade flag Early Irish Republic flags Ireland before the partition of 1922 The Green Ensign Congested Districts Board Department of Agriculture Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Governor General of Irish Free State Jack or Ensign of Irish Customs and Excise c1768. Unidentified Irish eagle flag Lordship of Ireland Flags of Political Parties Communist Party of Ireland éirígí Sports flag Irish Rugby Football Union Irish Cricket flag Ireland national field hockey team Football Association of Ireland Team Ireland Olympics flag Other Irish Flags Aer Lingus An Post Dublin Bears Flags on stamps issued by Ireland Genealogical Society of Ireland Irish Red Cross Irish travellers Irish Water Safety Flags Irish White Flag Award Novelty flags and varia Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland St. Patrick's College in Rome See also: Northern Ireland Other sites: Flags of Ireland website An Bhratach Náisiúnta: The National Flag Symbols of Northern Ireland (CAIN website)Genealogical Society of Ireland (with sections on heraldry and vexillology) An Gal Gréine History of the Flag The stripes were found in a different order in the early (pre-independence) days. James Dignan, 14 May 1996 The oldest known reference to the use of the three colours (green, white and orange) as a nationalist emblem dates from September 1830 when tricolour cockades were worn at a meeting held to celebrate the French revolution of that year - a revolution which restored the use of the French tricolour. The colours were also used in the same period for rosettes and badges, and on the banners of trade guilds. There is also one reference to the use of a flag 'striped with orange and green alternately'. However, the earliest attested use of a tricolour flag was in 1848 when it was adopted by the Young Ireland movement under the influence of another French revolution. Speeches made at that time by the Young Ireland leader Thomas Francis Meagher suggest that it was regarded as an innovation and not as the revival of an older flag. Vincent Morley, 8 January 1997 The Irish television channel RTÉ 1 included the following flag-related item on its main news programme last night. A historian named Dermot Power has established that the tricolour was publicly unveiled by Thomas Francis Meagher, a leader of the Young Ireland movement, at a meeting in his native city of Waterford on 7 March 1848 - exactly 150 years ago today. The report showed the large second-floor window from which he addressed a crowd in the street below and at which the flag was displayed. This discovery pushes back the history of the flag by five weeks: it had previously been thought that it was first displayed by Meagher at a meeting held in Dublin on 15 April 1848. More importantly, the television report stated that Meagher informed the Waterford meeting that the flag was being shown for the first time. No such claim was made at the later Dublin meeting, an omission which had led to speculation that the flag might have been in use for some time before 1848. This possibility now appears to have been excluded. Vincent Morley, 9 March 1998 The use of the Irish tricolour flag in the period 1922-39 was almost entirely confined to the territory of the Irish Free State. To many, perhaps to most, Irish people it was still 'the Sinn Fein Flag'. From Hayes-McCoy (1979), A History of Irish Flags from Earliest Times It was used unofficially by the government in the Irish Free State, but not with the intention that it should become the national flag: "The government in Ireland have taken over the so called Free State Flag in order to forestall its use by republican element and avoid legislative regulation, to leave them free to adopt a more suitable emblem later." [PRO document DO 117/100 written in 1928] In the event the tricolour was adopted as the national flag, but not until 1937. David Prothero, 1 February 2001 See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

It wasn’t exactly an opening of the floodgates, but in 2015, when the Arizona Cardinals hired Jen Welter for the team’s coaching staff to work with the Cardinals’ inside linebackers and to coach throughout training camp and the preseason as a training camp/preseason intern, NFL teams took notice. The Buffalo Bills then hired Kathryn Smith, who was a special teams quality control coach for the team in 2016. Then came Sowers, in 2017.

49ersPride Logo

One of the girls she coached was the daughter of Scott Pioli, the former general manager of the Kansas City Chiefs. Sowers introduced herself. As the dialogue continued, Pioli, who went on to become the assistant general manager of the Atlanta Falcons, started to look into getting Sowers into the NFL.

Sowers attended Hesston College and then Goshen College in Indiana, graduating in 2009. She earned her master’s degree in kinesiology from the University of Central Missouri in 2012.

2023105 — 37 Likes, TikTok video from srhh.equestrian (@srhh.equestrian): 548.

“No matter what you do in life, one of the most important things is to be true to who you are,” Sowers, told Outsports at the time. “There are so many people who identify as LGBT in the NFL, as in any business, that do not feel comfortable being public about their sexual orientation.

The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002

Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

In a historic move at the time, the NBA’s San Antonio Spurs hired Becky Hammon as an assistant coach. Katie Sowers took notice, posting on Twitter a picture of herself, saying, “Coming for the NFL.”

I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997

See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

49ersPride hat

The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

The use of the Irish tricolour flag in the period 1922-39 was almost entirely confined to the territory of the Irish Free State. To many, perhaps to most, Irish people it was still 'the Sinn Fein Flag'. From Hayes-McCoy (1979), A History of Irish Flags from Earliest Times It was used unofficially by the government in the Irish Free State, but not with the intention that it should become the national flag: "The government in Ireland have taken over the so called Free State Flag in order to forestall its use by republican element and avoid legislative regulation, to leave them free to adopt a more suitable emblem later." [PRO document DO 117/100 written in 1928] In the event the tricolour was adopted as the national flag, but not until 1937. David Prothero, 1 February 2001 See also: The original 1848 Irish Tricolour - Meagher, the National Flag Monument, Lamartine, and the Treason Felony Act 1848 Colour of the Flag An official document (115 kbyte PDF file) describing the protocol to be observed when displaying the Irish national flag gives Pantone colours for green 347, and orange 151. Dean McGee, 18 October 2001 This translate to browser safe RGB as:  PMS 151 RGB:255-102-0 (#FF6600) PMS 347 RGB:0-153-102 (#009966) (Note: conversion from PMS to RGB depends so much on software and monitor settings, parameters and preferences that almost always such conversion is *not* a loss in color detail.) António Martins-Tuválkin, 18 October 2001 In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

Pioli told NBC Sports Bay Area that it took some time to get the Falcons on board. But in 2016, with Pioli’s help, Sowers spent the offseason and training camp with Atlanta through the Bill Walsh Diversity Coaching Fellowship.

image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

Gilbert Baker Pride Flag. The original Pride Flag was created in 1978 after activist Harvey Milk asked artist Gilbert Baker to design a symbol of gay pride.

“It’s important for all to know that dreams are achieved by first finding someone who sees your worth and value, regardless of your gender, and takes the necessary steps to clear a path, even on the path less traveled,” Sowers wrote. “Those people are hard to find, but I was blessed to begin my journey in the NFL because of a close friend and mentor in Scott Pioli.

“No matter how much people say about it, no matter how much people say the Rooney Rule, ‘You have to interview these guys,’ the coaches still look a certain way for the most part. Every now and then there will be coaches, owners that go out of the norm and hire some coaches. I think it’s unfortunate because there’s a lot of qualified, very qualified, coaches of color and female coaches that deserve a job, deserve to get the opportunity to be head coaches. I think sometimes in this game it gets into the cycle of just old school.”

49ersrainbow Logo

49ersPride Flag

From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

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At Goshen, which is affiliated with the Mennonite Church, Sowers competed in soccer, basketball and track and field. It was then when she came out to family and friends.

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However, a large and detailed one is still a great head-turner! This is particularly true if it is of the 3D variety. Shrek 2 3D dragon kite, with inflatable ...

The Lippy Pal Swirl Lip Gloss Collection of adorable characters will keep your lips moisturized and tasting great with sensational flavors from Lip Smacker® ...

“Unreal night,” Sowers wrote on Twitter after the 49ers beat the Green Bay Packers to win the NFC championship game. “Takin our talents to South Beach … Niners vs Chiefs … I couldn’t ask for a better game.”

“There was no question about playing or not playing,” Liz Sowers told NBC Sports Bay Area. “It was just, we played. That’s it.”

The flag represents the transgender community and consists of five horizontal stripes: two light blue, two pink, and one white in the center. ***Items in this ...

USA flag inside Peace symbol. Young boy with flag of palestine. Large peace flag in rainbow colors with the words "peace" in Italian. Three blue peace flags ...

“She been tremendous,” 49ers quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo said earlier this month. “Katie was here before I was, but just what she does with the receivers, all the skill positions guys, how she interacts with them, it’s special. She’s feisty … Katie’s awesome out there. She’ll get after guys. It’s fun to be around.”

This discovery pushes back the history of the flag by five weeks: it had previously been thought that it was first displayed by Meagher at a meeting held in Dublin on 15 April 1848. More importantly, the television report stated that Meagher informed the Waterford meeting that the flag was being shown for the first time. No such claim was made at the later Dublin meeting, an omission which had led to speculation that the flag might have been in use for some time before 1848. This possibility now appears to have been excluded. Vincent Morley, 9 March 1998

“Scott’s passion for equal opportunity and his belief in a small town girl from Kansas, allowed me the opportunity to follow my passion. Scott continues to do amazing work, opening doors and breaking down walls in the NFL that for years have shut people out. I think we could all learn a little from people like Scott Pioli and find a way to open doors for those behind us.”

The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ireland: PMS 347 green, 151 orange. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

Now, Sowers is making history herself, becoming the first woman and openly gay person to coach in a Super Bowl. Sowers is in her fourth season in the NFL and is an offensive assistant with the San Francisco 49ers.

There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

After Shanahan left for the 49ers head coaching job in 2017, Sowers, again through the fellowship program, went on to follow him to the Bay Area.

49ersPride jersey

According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012

Goshen College president Rebecca Stoltzfus released a statement Wednesday, saying, “Sadly, in 2009, our policies and the laws of Indiana allowed for hiring decisions to consider sexual orientation. I am glad that Goshen College adopted a new non-discrimination policy in 2015, and I am thankful for the leaders before me who brought this change about, not the least of whom were our students and alumni.”

“I think it’s always going to be a challenge in this game, whether it’s male or female, coaches of color, getting a head coaching gig,” 49ers cornerback Richard Sherman said earlier this month. “It’s always going to be a conversation. Owners still look a certain way, they still come from a very old background. It’s going to be this way until things change.

“Finally the year came where they decided that hey, this was a good idea, and then Kyle Shanahan, our offensive coordinator at the time, was 100% on board having her work on the offensive side of the ball,” Pioli said.

49ersmemes

“The more we can create an environment that welcomes all types of people, no matter their race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, the more we can help ease the pain and burden that many carry every day.”

In the 2019 season, there were eight women who coached, including four in a full-time role: Sowers, Javadifar, Locust, and the Buffalo Bills’ Callie Brownson.

Those playing in the Women’s Football Alliance are truly in it for the love of the game. They pay to play; there are no salaries. So Sowers, who also was a member of the US Women’s National Football Team in 2013, took on a job coaching youth girls basketball in Kansas City.

The oldest known reference to the use of the three colours (green, white and orange) as a nationalist emblem dates from September 1830 when tricolour cockades were worn at a meeting held to celebrate the French revolution of that year - a revolution which restored the use of the French tricolour. The colours were also used in the same period for rosettes and badges, and on the banners of trade guilds. There is also one reference to the use of a flag 'striped with orange and green alternately'. However, the earliest attested use of a tricolour flag was in 1848 when it was adopted by the Young Ireland movement under the influence of another French revolution. Speeches made at that time by the Young Ireland leader Thomas Francis Meagher suggest that it was regarded as an innovation and not as the revival of an older flag. Vincent Morley, 8 January 1997

That fall, Shanahan hired Sowers as a seasonal offensive assistant, making her, according to the NFL, the second woman to ever hold a full-time coaching position league history.

México, . International United Kingdom United States France Deutschland España Nederland Italia Australia Canada México . Language English. English.

In CMYK values this would be: Green C 100 - M 0 - Y 80 - K 10 Orange C 0 - M 65 - Y 100 - K 0 Ivan Sache, 18 October 2001 and Jesse Kahn, 3 November 2008

Sowers was born in Hesston, Kansas, a community of roughly 3,800 people north of Wichita. She grew up playing football with her twin sister, Liz. The games were informal, backyard football with the boys.

Reflective Flagpole Pole Kids Bike Trailer Recumbent Bike Flags Handle Kids Cycling Flag Pp Safety Flag Child. Color : Blue.

A historian named Dermot Power has established that the tricolour was publicly unveiled by Thomas Francis Meagher, a leader of the Young Ireland movement, at a meeting in his native city of Waterford on 7 March 1848 - exactly 150 years ago today. The report showed the large second-floor window from which he addressed a crowd in the street below and at which the flag was displayed.

“My long term goal is to be a head coach and then move on to executive management,” Sowers said at the time. “It’s not a typical path, but then again, nothing about what I’m doing is typical.”

Sowers said after the rejection from Goshen that she felt lost — but that it ultimately pushed her to play in the Women’s Football Alliance with her twin, Liz.

and Sexuality are a spectrum – no two ... They may be non- binary, agender, pangender, genderfluid, or another gender identity. The Gender Queer. The Gender Fluid ...

49ers gayPRIDE

Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

With her persistence, Sowers has made it into the league. But, with the Super Bowl on the horizon, she has more to achieve. And it’s coming against the team closest to her hometown.

Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 347 (green), and PMS 151 (orange).The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] (Corr. No. 2.) gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-10Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-40-90-0The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems. Orange: Pantone 151c, CMYK 0-59-96-0, RGB 247-127-0Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 347C (green), PMS White, and PMS 151C (orange). Wikipedia gives color specifications as follows:Green: Pantone 347 U, Hex #169B62, RGB 22-155-98, CMYK 71-0-72-0White: Pantone Safe, Hex #FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0Orange: Pantone 151 U, Hex #FF883E, RGB 255-136-62, CMYK 0-43-91-0 Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:Green: Hex. # 009A44, RGB 0, 154, 68, CMYK 92, 0, 97, 0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024White: Hex. # FFFFFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/AOrange: Hex. # FF8200, RGB 255-130-0, CMYK 0-54-100-0, Pantone 151, RAL 1028Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Historical colours My question is all about the colours or more specifically the third colour on the flag. The Irish Flag is green, white and ____. However, my father was born in 1915 and spent his formative years growing up in Eire in its formative years and described the colours as green white and gold. From personal recollection the flag I remember was gold. I especially remember the flag outside Colbert station in Limerick with a CIE logo in the middle. Though emblems within the flag are now frowned upon. The only place where I could see a justification for my belief was a friend's book of national team colours where at some point in the 80s it shows the Republic Of Ireland's strip going from green white and gold to green white and orange. More than anything else though when did it change? Kevin Bourke, 30 August 2012 According to G.A.Hayes-McCoy in ‘A History of Irish Flags from the Earliest Times’ (Academy Press, Dublin, 1979) the third colour was sometimes orange, sometimes yellow and sometimes gold, with orange not becoming the predominant colour until it was adopted by the Defence Forces of the Irish Free State in 1923; “army usage influenced the Irish public and the orange stripe ousted the yellow in the popular use of colours throughout the country.” Even so the third colour was still being desribed as yellow in 1934, ‘National Flags’ by E.H. Baxter, and occasionally yellow in 1939, ‘Flags of the World’ by V.Wheeler-Holohan, who wrote that “the green is for Ireland and the white and orange (or yellow) are the Papal Colours.”David Prothero, 1 September 2012 Meaning of the Colours Officially (i.e. in the national constitution) the colours of the Irish flag have no meaning.  However many urban legends have arisen to account for the colours.  Some are presented below:From this webpage: The Green is for the Catholics, the Orange for the Protestants and the white for the peace between them. Every once in a while when you see a green-white-yellow (instead of orange) flag around the country here, that person is basically disagreeing. Heather, 27 April 2003  [Ed. note: green-white-yellow/gold are the colours of Offaly.]From a Government webpage: The green represents the older Gaelic tradition while the orange represents the supporters of William of Orange. The white in the centre signifies a lasting truce between the 'Orange' and the 'Green'.There are a few reason why Green is associated with Catholics in Ireland - Coming from the long struggle for independence. Around the time of the American Revolution, there was anxiety in the ruling classes of Europe; fearing that the ideas of liberty and so on would spread to their own population and spark some kind of revolt. This was very true in Ireland - where resentment to British rule was very strong. Green had always been associated with Ireland as a nation, and with the revolutionary groups within it. For a while around 1776, the wearing of the colour green was actually barred by the authorities, giving rise to the song of the same name.Green was the colour of sympathy for independence around this time, and has pretty much stuck with that until this day. The modern flag arrives much later, as a compromise flag - Which ironically, today, is used as a symbol for (complete) independence. Jim McBrearty, 29 April 2003 The orange colour is associated with the Protestants in Ulster and that derived from William III (of the House of Orange and originally the Stadtholder of the Netherlands) who defeated the Irish Catholics at the Battle of the Boyne somewhere in the late 1600s. It was included in the Irish flag in an attempt to reconcile the Protestants with the Irish independence movement. A.P. Burgers, 26 May 2004 Presidential standard image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024 Flag introduced 13 February 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 The traditional arms of Ireland have the harp on a blue field. A gold harp on a green field (as opposed to the blue of the arms) was the traditional Green Flag of Ireland before the tricolour became popular.Roy Stilling, 30 May 1996 The evolution of the heraldic harp can be traced in Irish coinage. The harp first appeared on coins in the reign of Henry VIII. From the reign of Henry VIII to that of Elizabeth I the fore-pillar of the harp was plain. In the coinages of James I and Charles I it had an animal head. The naked female torso first appeared in the coinage of Charles II (appropriately enough perhaps) and was a permanent feature from then until 1822 when the Irish currency was abolished. The harp adopted as the state emblem on the formation of the Irish Free State is a medieval instrument, the Brian Boru harp, which is preserved in Trinity College Dublin. Use of this particular harp is reserved to the state so all private bodies are obliged to use harps of other designs.Vincent Morley, 27 January 1997 The harp that appears on the presidential standard differs from that shown on conventional representations of the national arms in being less ornate, in not being tilted into the playing position (i.e. it has diagonal rather than vertical strings), and in having only twelve gold strings rather than a larger number of silver strings. The field of the presidential standard is also in a darker shade of blue than the usual field of the national arms, and the ornamentation on the harp is worked in blue thread of the same shade.Vincent Morley, 1 November 1999 Irish Coat of Arms image by Zoltan Horvath, 16 June 2024Arms introduced November 1945 (Hayes McCoy, 1979)Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Discussion on the Variants of the Irish Harp The colour of the strings on Irish harps is not consistent. On the national arms they are white (silver); on the jack and presidential standard they are yellow; on the naval pennant, they were white, as appears from  the photograph in Hayes-McCoy (1979), 'A History of Irish flags from Earliest Times'. These differences reflect the fact that the designs were introduced by independent processes at different times. The relevant dates are: Naval pennant: December 1939 Presidential standard: February 1945 Arms: November 1945 Jack: July 1947  For more information, see Séamas Ó Brógáin (1998), 'The Irish Harp Emblem'. This author writes as follows about the presidential standard:  "This flag was approved by the Government on 13 February 1945. A number of technical decisions were made at the same time, including the decision that ... the strings of the harp be yellow (in settlement of the question raised by Edward MacLysaght, who had insisted that the strings should be white)."Vincent Morley, 2 February 2002 Flags for Irish travellers I came across www.westernpeople.ie/news/story.asp?j=26607, "Mayo plan for national symbol for Travellers". Here are some extracts: "A Mayo traveller is leading a major campaign for a Traveller Flag or symbol for their community. "The work which Bernard Sweeney is currently putting all of his time into and which he is hoping will result in something positive for his community, will be decided in September when the community will vote around the country for the acceptance or disregard of a national symbol for travellers. "A native of Ballinrobe, Bernard has been travelling around the county for the past number of weeks in the hope of convincing his comrades their community should have an overall symbol which he is hoping will be a flag. "The idea has now advanced onto a much broader platform and it has been decided that a vote should be taken within the community on September 15th next on a national level. "We decided to organise a vote which will take place in September in which people will decide on a symbol, a flag, or nothing at all. The democracy around it is very even handed. It will include travellers all over Ireland aged 15 and over." "He himself is 100% for the idea. "There are flags everywhere. There are town, county, boy scouts, club flags, etc, up to the National flag and it is all part of one's identity. So we are just saying why not have a flag that represents travellers. It would identify us as Irish travellers. "Other ethnic groups around the world all have flags. Personally I think it would be a mark of respect for travellers who have died over the years. For me, we would have it on anti-racism days, celebrations as a badge of pride. It is nothing more than that and will never take away our Irishness."André Coutanche, 8 August 2005

More women have arrived to the NFL coaching ranks since. Tampa Bay head coach Bruce Arians hired Maral Javadifar and Lori Locust in March, making the Buccaneers the first NFL team with two full-time women on the coaching staff.

When her collegiate playing days ended, Sowers asked about taking a position as a volunteer assistant coach on the Goshen women’s basketball team. She said she was turned down based on her sexual orientation.