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I recently received the INFO bulletin of the "Vlaggen Dokumentatie Centrum Nederland" (Flag Documentation Center of the Netherlands). It lists a number of flags using the Nordic [off-centred] cross design. Derk [Derkwillem Visser, Jr.; the editor] states that they come from "Under Nordisk Flagg" (Under the Northern Flags) by Per Andersson.

Last modified: 2023-02-11 by rob raeside Keywords: cross | cross: off-centred | cross: scandinavian | scandinavian cross | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors Below is a compilation of off-centred crosses (as in many Scandinavian flags), found on flags on this web site. Note that, although commonly described as Scandinavian crosses, the flags linked here include many variants from many places in and outside Scandinavia, and many have little or nothing to do with Scandinavian flag traditions. Fimbriation colours are identified in brackets. Crosses in italics are proposals, or flags of uncertain or dubious status. What defines a Scandinavian Cross? How many Scandinavian Cross flags are there? Related pages Multicoloured off-centred cross-type flags Field Cross White Yellow Red Blue Green Black Other White BR São Paulo (red)DE Schweriner RG (blue) FI Finnish Yacht Club (blue), Ala-Keiteleen Pursiseura (blue), Borgå Segelsällskap (blue), Finnish Water Rescue Society (blue) FR Vendée Viking flag (red) GB TireeIS University of Iceland (blue), LB Lebanese forces (red)LV Latvian Scandinavian cross (red), NL Diever (red), Idaerderadiel (red) BR Pirapozinho SPCA Bishops Falls, NL (red)RU Stavropol, SE Catholic Cathedra of Stockholm, West Sweden (blue), Swedish speaking in the Baltic (blue), Swedish speaking in the Baltic (red) BR Frei Martinho PB, Marapoama, SPCH Thunstetten, Switzerland, DE Schleswig-Holstein (19th Century variants), Schleswig-Holstein truce flags, Masburg, RP DK DenmarkES Ayuelas, CL, Paraa de Arriba, CL, Beach stationFR Cercle de la Voile de Bordeaux Carcans-Maubuisson GL Greenland - Administration Ships, Greenland (green), HK Hong Kong Baptist Boat flag, LV Cesis, Latvia, NL Goor, NO Norway (1814), Vestlandet (blue), UA Volyinia, Berhad' District US Solvang (yellow), Black Star Line VIVirgin Islands souvenir flag AU Royal Freshwater Club YC burgee BR Mandaguaçu, PR (red), Reserva do Cabaça, MT, Santa Helena, PR, Campos Novos Paulista, SP, Itapirapuã Paulista, SP, Pratânia SP, Ribeirão dos Índios SP, Mariápolis, SP, Moóca, SP EC Manta, Manabi, EE Parnu, Estonia (black), Estonian Ramblers Association, ES Vilabertran, Catalonia FI Bothnia, Finland 1863 proposal, FR Calais, Société des Navigateurs Grands-Mottois L'Île-d'OlonneGB Shetland, self-proclaimed dependency of Forvik (Shetland) IE Dublin County (light blue)IS Iceland 1897, Nationalist PartyUS ED Hurlbut & Co Appalachicola Line, Ansonia, CT Tallahassee, FL 1916 BR Paulo Ramos, Maranhão, Vera Cruz do Oeste, PR (red), Santana do Livramento, RS, PR, Santa Cecília, SC (white), Santo Antônio da Alegria SP CA Chilliwack, BC EE Tyri Linn, Jarvamaa ES Las Navas del Marqués, AvilaGB Barra, GL Greenland, Greenland (blue), NL Zwagerbos, Marum, Haaren (green, white) NO Saami, PR Puerto Rico Independence Party, US New Milford, Connecticut USA AR CIDEC, DK Sorgeflag white cross on grey: LV Aluksne white cross on purple: USA Scranton University, Casar de Palomero Yellow AX Åland (blue), CA Bishops Falls, NL (red)DE Teutonic Order (black) NL Borger-Odoorn, Drenthe, Netherlands (red), NO Northern Norway (red), Nord-Trøndelag RU Pamyat (black edging) SE Norrland (blue), AIK Club, Sweden (black), Swedish Tourist Association (blue) US Gustavus Adolphus CollegeOther Nordisk Flaggselskapp (red) BR Senador Amaral, MG, São Paulo das Missões, RS, Alvinlândia, SP, Nantes SP, Nhandeara, SPDE CDU proposal for Germany (black), German Young Democrat's League (black), German Free Democratic Party, ES Castañeda, Grupo Odiel Shipping FI Swedish speaking people in Finland, Finland 1863 proposal, Norrland (blue), NO Trøndeland (blue), Nasjonal Samling, Norway, SE Skåneland, Österlen SY Teshreen Club, Latakia, Syria, UA Volodarka District, Ukraine (vertical) BR Pernambuco Yacht Club, Novo Horizonte do Norte, MT, Alabari, SP, Dumont SP, Gavião Peixoto SP, Iporanga SPCA Churchbridge, SKGB SkyeLV Riga, Latvia (17th C), NL Beers, Veghel, Tilburg, Oldenzaal Hanseatic flag, Bunschoten, SE Sweden, Hälsingland (red), Roslagen (white) US Wilmington, DE BR Juina, RS (blue), Altair, SPCZ Svatojanský Újezd ES Avinyó, Spain, HR Pula (Croatia), SE Öland ES Autonomous Bases (Bases Autónomas) (red), SE Härjedalen, /TD>   Red AH Imperial yacht club vice-commodore, Imperial yacht club vice-commodore (Hungarian side) (green) AM GyumriAU Sydney, BE Compagnie Maritime Belge du Congo, BR São Paulo, Rafael Godeiro (white, blue, reversed) BY Christian-Democratic Union, CA Mi'kmaq state flag, Western Canada Steamship Company DE Burg, RP, Biggesee Rowing Club (white, red), Ruderverein Kurhessen-Cassel (white, blue), Ruderklub Kurhessen (white, red), Rathenower RC Wiking (white, black), VillmarDK Jutland, EE Seto People (patterned) ES Luesia, Spain (with yellow fly triangle), Royal standard of Ramiro I, Flags at Sóller Annual Municipal Festival FO Faroe Islands (blue), GB North of England, Lundy, Yorkshire, Lloyds of London burgee (dark blue), West Riding Yorkshire GE Georgian Orthodox Church(white, blue), Abkhasia proposal (white, red) IT Raggio & Co. Shipping LV Ventspils NL Havelte, De Schelde House Flag, Rosmalen, De Maas rowing club honorary member PE Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia TO Tonga naval ensign (white, red), US Funch & Meinke Lines, ED Hurlbut & Co Pensacola Line, Pioneer Line of Australia Packets Other Episcopal Church, Flag Institute BR São Caetano de Odivelas, PA, Nova Candélaria, RS (black) São Francisco de Assis, RS, Clementina SP, Óleo, SPDE Christian Democratic Union proposal (black), ES War Ensign 1785 FI Finland proposal (1863) (blue), Finnish merchant ensign (1918) (blue, white) GB Orkney Islands, NL Ruurlo, Herten, Netherlands (blue edges) Other Norden FR Normandie (yellow), Mouvement Normand (yellow) Vendée Viking flag (white) AX Åland (yellow), BE Compagnie Maritime Belge, BR Taquarussu, Mato Grosso do Sul, Alegre, Espírito Santo (yellow), Balneário Gaivota, SC (white), Domingos Martins, ES, Chapadinha, MA(yellow), Santa de Parnaiba, SP (yellow), Cachoeira de Minas, MG (white), Dom Joaquim, MG (white), Dom Silvério, MG (white), Lagoa Formosa, MG (white), Santa Rita de Caldas, MG (white), Alagoa Grande PB, Cuite PB, Escada PE (white), Balneario Pinhal, RS (yellow), Cerro Largo, ES (yellow), Porto Xavier, ES (white), Alto Alegre, SP, Bom Jesus dos Perdões, SP (yellow), Cesário Lange, SP (yellow), Espírito Santo do Turvo SP (yellow), Iepê, SP (yellow), Igaraçu do Tietê SP (white), Juquitiba, SP (white), São Simão SP (white), Ocauçu, SP (white), São Gonçalo do Amarante (white), David Canabarro RS CL Chilean Ministers and Diplomats (white), Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello (white) DE Oldenburg, FI 1863 proposal (yellow), 1863 proposal (green), IN Mizoram (white) IS Iceland (white), Iceland president (white) JP Keio High School YC burgee SE Bohuslän, US Wells & Emanuel / Empire Line Other Marriage of the Century (fictional kingdom) (light blue), AR Villa Saralegui (white)BR Guaíra, SP (white), Curvelo, MG (white), São Domingos do Prata, MG (white), São Joaquim de Bicas, MG (white), Aral Moreira, MS (white), Monte Alegre, PA (white), Colorado, RS (white), Ibarama, RS (white), Nova Prata, RS (white), Grao Para, SC (white), Vitor Meireles, SC, Ariranha SP (yellow), Caiabu, SP (yellow), Pirapora do Bom Jesus SP (yellow), Redenção da Serra SP (white), Santo Antônio do Pinhal SP (white) ES Arcenillas (white), Montornés del Vallès (white) NL Lemmer, SE Småland, Småland (white), DE German flag proposals, ca. 1919 (yellow) MK Drugovo (yellow)MX Mariano Matamoros - Battalion of San Pedro   Blue BR Itu, SP (yellow)CL Chilean Sailing Federation, CO Andalucia, CZ Kostelecké Horky DE BRC Sport-Möwe  (white, blue), ARG zu Berlin (white, blue)EE Estonia (black)ES Alvargonzález S.A. FI Finland, Finnish Water Rescue SocietyFR République Libre du Frioul, GE Tbilisi (white, gold) HR Lekenik HU Kozarmisleny IS Iceland proposal (1914), (white, blue), University of Iceland JP Tokai UniversityNL Nautilus Rowing Club, Oosterhesselen, Wierden, Wittem PR Bayamon (yellow), RS VK Galeb rowing club, Belgrade RU Karelia (1930 proposal) (orange) SE Finnish speakers in Sweden (yellow)SV Maya Lenca people, US ED Hurlbut & Co Mobile Line, Wapella, WA Religion Mormon heritage flag (white, blue) BR Iaras SP, Louveira, SP CU Automovil y Aero Club de Cuba DE Northern Frisia (red), IT Parma SE Gøtaland, RU Ingria (red), NL Lelystad, Oldekerk ZA Durban Coasters, Durban Lines AU Greater Melbourne ensign (white), BR Carmo do Paranaíba, Minas Gerais (yellow), São João Batista, SC (white), Borborema, SP (yellow)GB Orkney Islands (yellow), Monarch Steamship Co. (white), Royal Lymington YC burgee (white) NO Norway (white), Trøndeland  (yellow), US Wells & Emanuel / Empire Line, Dovray, MN (white) Other Northwest Arkansas Kindred (white) AX Åland (yellow) GB Frixos V. Papachristidis (white) IE Dublin County (white) GB South Uist (white)RU Vepsians (yellow), Lyydi Karelia (red) US Portland, OR (white, yellow, white) GB Caithness (yellow)SE IFK Göteborg club Green BR Pouso Redondo SC, Álvares Florence SP DE Mark Rowing Club (white, black), Post SV Koblenz ES Villa del Rey GL Greenland, NZ New Munster (white, blue)SE Norrland ZA South African Naval Ensign 1952-81 BR Santa Ernestina SPPR Universidad Interamericana de Puerto RicoSE Gotland BR Nova Prata, RS (white), Santa Bárbara do Sul, RS (white), Lupércio SP (white) DK Bornholm, Bornholm (white), NL Buitenpost (white) GB North Uist (white)NL Vendsyssel (orange) RU Votia, Russia, SE Öland (yellow) NL Haaren (white) RU Karelia (red),   Black BR Santos Futebol Clube, DE Teutonic Order, German Empire (white, black), Kaiserlicher Yacht Club (red), Rostocker Rowing Club (white, black), Seerederei Nereus (white, black), Proposed General Government Flag 1939, Ratzeburger RC (white, black) Rosslauer RGFR Bezen Perot (Breton Political movement), Bagadou Stourm (Breton paramilitary movement) (white, yellow); St. John's Order in Brittany LV Latvian National Guard (1941-44), NL IJsselham (red), USA Staunton, Virginia (white, black), Other Baltic Duchy, BR Clube de Regatas União, Bastos, SPDE Rowing club on the Teichwiesen, RB BismarckNL Anloo (yellow, black), Vledder (yellow, black),RU Front of National-Revolutionary Action (white) BR Arandu SP (white)DE German Third Reich war ensign (white, black, white), Wirmer proposal for Germany (yellow), GB Monarch Steamship Co. BR Jacupiranga, SPEE Estonia (white) FR Bleimor (Sea scouts, Brittany)(white), RU East Karelia 1919-1920 (red), Other Vinnland (musical group) (white)   Purple/TH> HRA Reformist (Evangelist?) Church in Croatia NL Heel en Panheel Orange ZA Safmarine, South Africa (blue) Pink SE Småland, Småland (white)   Other brown on white: Swainsboro, Georgia USA orange on blue: Zaječar, Serbia White Yellow Red Blue Green Black What defines a Scandinavian Cross? A Scandinavian cross would by most vexillologists be defined as a straight-armed cross on a flag which goes out to the ends of the flag and which has the centre of the cross set closer to the hoist than to the fly. Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 The term Scandinavian cross is used to describe a 'hoist-ward off-set straight-armed orthogonal cross throughout' when this is appropriate, that is, when there is indeed a connection to Scandinavia, and not to do so otherwise.  Some vexillologists would insist that the connection to Scandinavia is essential, others don't. Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 4 July 2001 How many Scandinavian Cross flags are there? I don't know if you can say for sure, exactly how many flags with Scandinavian crosses there are. It depends a bit on what flag you want to consider. Some flags with Scandinavian crosses are unofficial, private initiatives for some geographical areas, others are merely proposals which might never really have been in use. There are 5 countries in the world today which have flags with Scandinavian crosses as their official national flags. All of them also have Scandinavian crosses in their state and/or their war flags. Would the later special flags count as flags on their own when counting the flags with Scandinavian crosses? Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 References I recently received the INFO bulletin of the "Vlaggen Dokumentatie Centrum Nederland" (Flag Documentation Center of the Netherlands). It lists a number of flags using the Nordic [off-centred] cross design. Derk [Derkwillem Visser, Jr.; the editor] states that they come from "Under Nordisk Flagg" (Under the Northern Flags) by Per Andersson. William M. Grimes-Wyatt, 6 March 1996 Corrections and additions by Jan Oskar Engene, Željko Heimer and Pascal Vagnat. Two other books may be of interest: Per Andersson: Under nordisk flagg, Mjolby: Drakings bokforlag, 1994 Per Andersson: Nordiska korsflaggor, Mjolby: Bokforlaget Draking, 1992 Both books are in Swedish. The latter one is more concentrated on flags than the former. One problem with these works is that there are no references, so we are often not told when and where the flags surfaced. I am skeptical towards the existence of some of them. Probably, quite a few of the designs are merely proposals. The lack of references and documentation in the booklets mentioned, made it difficult to decide the status of some of the flags. Jan Oskar Engene, 7 March 1996 There's a book about flags with this types of crosses, "Nordiska Korsflaggor", written by Per Andersson (1992). This book is known to not be very specific about sources, so some people regard many of the flags described in it as rather dubious. Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 Related pages See also: Multicoloured off-centred cross-type flags Off-centred crosses on triangular flags Centred upright crosses (St. George type) St. Andrew (Saltire) crosses on flags

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A Scandinavian cross would by most vexillologists be defined as a straight-armed cross on a flag which goes out to the ends of the flag and which has the centre of the cross set closer to the hoist than to the fly. Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001

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Two other books may be of interest: Per Andersson: Under nordisk flagg, Mjolby: Drakings bokforlag, 1994 Per Andersson: Nordiska korsflaggor, Mjolby: Bokforlaget Draking, 1992 Both books are in Swedish. The latter one is more concentrated on flags than the former. One problem with these works is that there are no references, so we are often not told when and where the flags surfaced. I am skeptical towards the existence of some of them. Probably, quite a few of the designs are merely proposals. The lack of references and documentation in the booklets mentioned, made it difficult to decide the status of some of the flags. Jan Oskar Engene, 7 March 1996 There's a book about flags with this types of crosses, "Nordiska Korsflaggor", written by Per Andersson (1992). This book is known to not be very specific about sources, so some people regard many of the flags described in it as rather dubious. Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 Related pages See also: Multicoloured off-centred cross-type flags Off-centred crosses on triangular flags Centred upright crosses (St. George type) St. Andrew (Saltire) crosses on flags

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The term Scandinavian cross is used to describe a 'hoist-ward off-set straight-armed orthogonal cross throughout' when this is appropriate, that is, when there is indeed a connection to Scandinavia, and not to do so otherwise.  Some vexillologists would insist that the connection to Scandinavia is essential, others don't. Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 4 July 2001 How many Scandinavian Cross flags are there? I don't know if you can say for sure, exactly how many flags with Scandinavian crosses there are. It depends a bit on what flag you want to consider. Some flags with Scandinavian crosses are unofficial, private initiatives for some geographical areas, others are merely proposals which might never really have been in use. There are 5 countries in the world today which have flags with Scandinavian crosses as their official national flags. All of them also have Scandinavian crosses in their state and/or their war flags. Would the later special flags count as flags on their own when counting the flags with Scandinavian crosses? Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 References I recently received the INFO bulletin of the "Vlaggen Dokumentatie Centrum Nederland" (Flag Documentation Center of the Netherlands). It lists a number of flags using the Nordic [off-centred] cross design. Derk [Derkwillem Visser, Jr.; the editor] states that they come from "Under Nordisk Flagg" (Under the Northern Flags) by Per Andersson. William M. Grimes-Wyatt, 6 March 1996 Corrections and additions by Jan Oskar Engene, Željko Heimer and Pascal Vagnat. Two other books may be of interest: Per Andersson: Under nordisk flagg, Mjolby: Drakings bokforlag, 1994 Per Andersson: Nordiska korsflaggor, Mjolby: Bokforlaget Draking, 1992 Both books are in Swedish. The latter one is more concentrated on flags than the former. One problem with these works is that there are no references, so we are often not told when and where the flags surfaced. I am skeptical towards the existence of some of them. Probably, quite a few of the designs are merely proposals. The lack of references and documentation in the booklets mentioned, made it difficult to decide the status of some of the flags. Jan Oskar Engene, 7 March 1996 There's a book about flags with this types of crosses, "Nordiska Korsflaggor", written by Per Andersson (1992). This book is known to not be very specific about sources, so some people regard many of the flags described in it as rather dubious. Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001 Related pages See also: Multicoloured off-centred cross-type flags Off-centred crosses on triangular flags Centred upright crosses (St. George type) St. Andrew (Saltire) crosses on flags

I don't know if you can say for sure, exactly how many flags with Scandinavian crosses there are. It depends a bit on what flag you want to consider. Some flags with Scandinavian crosses are unofficial, private initiatives for some geographical areas, others are merely proposals which might never really have been in use. There are 5 countries in the world today which have flags with Scandinavian crosses as their official national flags. All of them also have Scandinavian crosses in their state and/or their war flags. Would the later special flags count as flags on their own when counting the flags with Scandinavian crosses? Elias Grandqvist, 13 April 2001

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Both books are in Swedish. The latter one is more concentrated on flags than the former. One problem with these works is that there are no references, so we are often not told when and where the flags surfaced. I am skeptical towards the existence of some of them. Probably, quite a few of the designs are merely proposals. The lack of references and documentation in the booklets mentioned, made it difficult to decide the status of some of the flags.