Politikens Flagbook [rya00a] depicts this flag with merged red, just like in the white ensign for Warships. Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 08 October 2001

Smith [smi75b] and Album des Pavillons (correction #26, September 1996) show a thick black fimbriation. Pederson [ped70] describes (without image) a civil ensign of the same pattern, but with proportion 5:8. Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999

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There have since been several designs for the official Flag of Mexico, all of which followed the same conventions as the original Federal Republican design. The most recent flag was issued in 1968. Its central Coat of Arms is cartoon-like; with the distinctive markings of a diamond-back rattlesnake.

There was also a blue ensign (state ensign) used in 1960s and abandoned sometimes letter, maybe around 1985. Obscura Secundus, 13 October 2001, quoted by Željko Heimer

2024714 — Flags will be lowered to half staff until sunset on the date of interment, which has not yet been announced. All Pennsylvanians are invited to ...

Here we reach Puerto Rico in our Better State Flags series. With more US citizens than many other states, we feel the original light blue we've brought back ...

At the end the American Civil War came to a close the United States demanded the withdrawal of French forces from Mexican territory. Without French support, the Emperor was soon defeated and executed by US-backed republican insurgents. The former flag of the Mexican Republic was reinstated.

Red ensign with the national flag in canton fimbriated with black line. The book [smi82] gives ratio as 2:3 (also for naval ensign), but ≅5:8 would cover that too. I am somehow ready to bet that there are more 2:3 flags in use then those that are 5:8. Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001

... US Large and Easy to color State Flags and State Maps. **Updated to include Washington DC and Connecticut!** ***3rd Revision!, Updated Mississippi Flag!***

It is believed that the black star on the flag of Ghana, the lone star of African freedom, is taken from the flag of the Black Star Line. This shipping line was founded by Marcus Garvey in June 1919 and would take new negro colonists back to Africa. It closed in 1922. The flag was green with a red saltire and a large black star in the centre. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b]

Mexico’s failure to repay outstanding loans to France, Spain and Britain lead the Emperor Napoleon III the invade the country and introduction of a monarchy sympathetic to French interests. The newly crowned Emperor Maximillian commissioned a new Mexican flag not only bearing the eagle and snake motif, but also ostentatiously laden with rampant griffins and the golden trappings of royalty.

1:2 image by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 It appears that the Ghanaian Red Ensign may have become obsolete in 2003, with the passage of a new shipping act. The old Shipping Act of 1963 provided at section 183 that the Ghanaian Red Ensign was proper national colours for Ghanaian-registered ships. The new (2003) merchant shipping act says that the Ghanaian National Flag is the proper national colours for Ghanaian registered ships. James Liston, 24 February 2014 The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page

When military commander Augustín de Iturbide defected to the rebellion the Army of the Three Guarantees was assembled and a new diagonal tricolour flag bearing three stars was created.

It uses Pan-African colours, with black star for being the first independent African nation of the 20th century. David Kendall, 01 October 1996

It appears that the Ghanaian Red Ensign may have become obsolete in 2003, with the passage of a new shipping act. The old Shipping Act of 1963 provided at section 183 that the Ghanaian Red Ensign was proper national colours for Ghanaian-registered ships. The new (2003) merchant shipping act says that the Ghanaian National Flag is the proper national colours for Ghanaian registered ships. James Liston, 24 February 2014 The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

Date, 1908 ; Source, from the xrmap flag collection 2.7. Rendered from 950 CMR 34.00: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Flags, Arms, and Seal Specifications ; Author ...

I haven’t found any legal document about the flag. If anybody has, please share it with us. The Constitution doesn’t mention anything about flag or national symbols.   There is a page of Permanent Mission of Ghana to UN about Ghana Flag Coat of Arms & National Anthem, it also provides illustrations: https://www.ghanamissionun.org/ghana-flag/    Ghana High Commission UK also has a page about flag with its image: https://ghanahighcommissionuk.com/ghanaflag.aspx    Britannica also has a page about Ghana flag (written by Whitney Smith) with an illustration of flag: https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Ghana

Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 032 (red), PMS 109 (yellow), PMS 355 (green), and PMS Black. The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] gives colors in Pantone, and CMYK systems:Red: Pantone 186c, CMYK 0-90-75-5 Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-15-90-0Green: Pantone 349c, CMYK 100-0-85-40 The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems.Blue: Pantone 072c, CMYK 100-91-11-2, RGB 16-6-159 Red: Pantone 485c, CMYK 6-94-96-0, RGB 218-41-28Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-1-93-0, RGB 255-204-0Green: Pantone 3425c, CMYK 91-34-95-29, RGB 0-98-51 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system, PMS 186C (red), PMS 116C (yellow), PMS 349C (green), and PMS Black. Wikipedia illustrates a construction sheet and gives color values as follows:Red: CMYK 0-96-84-19, Hex #CF0921, RGB 207-9-33Yellow: CMYK 0-17-94-1, Hex #FCD20F, RGB 252-210-15Green: CMYK 100-0-43-58, Hex #006B3D, RGB 0-107-61Black: CMYK 100-100-100-99, Hex #000000, RGB 0-0-0 Flag Color Codes gives color values as follows:Red: Hex: # EF3340, RGB 239-51-64, CMYK 0-90-76-0, Pantone 032, RAL 3024Yellow: Hex. # FFD100, RGB 255-209-0, CMYK 0-5-100-0, Pantone 109, RAL 2007Green: Hex. # 009739, RGB 0-151-57, CMYK 93-0-100-0, Pantone 355, RAL 6037Black: Hex. # 000000, RGB 0-0-0, CMYK 0-0-0-100, Pantone Black, RAL 9005

The Album 2000 [pay00] says: National Flag shows a 2:3 red over yellow over green tricolour with black star in the yellow stripe touching the edges of the other two stripes. A note to the figure explains that the presidential flag is the same, only with golden fringe. Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001According to the official site, the flag designer was a Ghanaian, Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh. Dov Gutterman, 13 March 2002 It uses Pan-African colours, with black star for being the first independent African nation of the 20th century. David Kendall, 01 October 1996 It is believed that the black star on the flag of Ghana, the lone star of African freedom, is taken from the flag of the Black Star Line. This shipping line was founded by Marcus Garvey in June 1919 and would take new negro colonists back to Africa. It closed in 1922. The flag was green with a red saltire and a large black star in the centre. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b] According to Smith [smi75b], «the green-white-red horizontal of the ruling Convention Peoples’ Party and the green-yellow-red of Africa’s oldest independent nation (Ethiopia) combined to inspire Ghana’s flags.» Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999 The flag of Ghana consists of red, gold and green horizontal strips with a five pointed black star in the centre of the gold stripe. The color red represents the blood of those who died in the country’s struggle for independence: gold stands for the minerals wealth, while green symbolizes the rich forest. The star represents the lone star of African freedom. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page On 23 November 1958 a Ghana-Guinea Union was formed with a flag like that of Ghana but with two black stars. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b] Colour Specifications I haven’t found any legal document about the flag. If anybody has, please share it with us. The Constitution doesn’t mention anything about flag or national symbols.   There is a page of Permanent Mission of Ghana to UN about Ghana Flag Coat of Arms & National Anthem, it also provides illustrations: https://www.ghanamissionun.org/ghana-flag/    Ghana High Commission UK also has a page about flag with its image: https://ghanahighcommissionuk.com/ghanaflag.aspx    Britannica also has a page about Ghana flag (written by Whitney Smith) with an illustration of flag: https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Ghana Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [bib-lna.html] provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ghana, PMS PMS 032 red, 109 yellow, 355 green and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012 Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 032 (red), PMS 109 (yellow), PMS 355 (green), and PMS Black. The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] gives colors in Pantone, and CMYK systems:Red: Pantone 186c, CMYK 0-90-75-5 Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-15-90-0Green: Pantone 349c, CMYK 100-0-85-40 The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems.Blue: Pantone 072c, CMYK 100-91-11-2, RGB 16-6-159 Red: Pantone 485c, CMYK 6-94-96-0, RGB 218-41-28Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-1-93-0, RGB 255-204-0Green: Pantone 3425c, CMYK 91-34-95-29, RGB 0-98-51 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system, PMS 186C (red), PMS 116C (yellow), PMS 349C (green), and PMS Black. Wikipedia illustrates a construction sheet and gives color values as follows:Red: CMYK 0-96-84-19, Hex #CF0921, RGB 207-9-33Yellow: CMYK 0-17-94-1, Hex #FCD20F, RGB 252-210-15Green: CMYK 100-0-43-58, Hex #006B3D, RGB 0-107-61Black: CMYK 100-100-100-99, Hex #000000, RGB 0-0-0 Flag Color Codes gives color values as follows:Red: Hex: # EF3340, RGB 239-51-64, CMYK 0-90-76-0, Pantone 032, RAL 3024Yellow: Hex. # FFD100, RGB 255-209-0, CMYK 0-5-100-0, Pantone 109, RAL 2007Green: Hex. # 009739, RGB 0-151-57, CMYK 93-0-100-0, Pantone 355, RAL 6037Black: Hex. # 000000, RGB 0-0-0, CMYK 0-0-0-100, Pantone Black, RAL 9005 Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 State ensign There was also a blue ensign (state ensign) used in 1960s and abandoned sometimes letter, maybe around 1985. Obscura Secundus, 13 October 2001, quoted by Željko Heimer I don’t find it in [smi75c] nor [smi82], though, so maybe it was abandoned even earlier. Anyone has some info on it? How would it look like (ratio, size of the flag in canton, eventual fimbriation)? I’d guess that there may well have been in both in yellow and white variant, if used in 1960’s. Željko Heimer, 13 October 2001 Civil ensign (obsolete) image by Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001 The Album 2000 [pay00] says: 3. Civil Ensign. ≅5:8 Red ensign with the national flag in canton fimbriated with black line. The book [smi82] gives ratio as 2:3 (also for naval ensign), but ≅5:8 would cover that too. I am somehow ready to bet that there are more 2:3 flags in use then those that are 5:8. Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001 Smith [smi75b] and Album des Pavillons (correction #26, September 1996) show a thick black fimbriation. Pederson [ped70] describes (without image) a civil ensign of the same pattern, but with proportion 5:8. Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999 Politikens Flagbook [rya00a] depicts this flag with merged red, just like in the white ensign for Warships. Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 08 October 2001 The Merchant Flag is like the British Red Ensign, but has the National Flag of Ghana in the canton, with a narrow black fimbriation. Santiago Dotor, 23 February 2000, quoting [c2b81], page 151 1:2 image by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 It appears that the Ghanaian Red Ensign may have become obsolete in 2003, with the passage of a new shipping act. The old Shipping Act of 1963 provided at section 183 that the Ghanaian Red Ensign was proper national colours for Ghanaian-registered ships. The new (2003) merchant shipping act says that the Ghanaian National Flag is the proper national colours for Ghanaian registered ships. James Liston, 24 February 2014 The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

The flag of Ghana consists of red, gold and green horizontal strips with a five pointed black star in the centre of the gold stripe. The color red represents the blood of those who died in the country’s struggle for independence: gold stands for the minerals wealth, while green symbolizes the rich forest. The star represents the lone star of African freedom. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page

In 1821 Mexico City was occupied by the rebellion and independence was won. Elements of the Flag of Three Guarantees were incorporated into the first national Mexican flag.

Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

Gallatin is conducting a Special Census in order to update our city census data. Use the QR code to take the survey or follow this link https://survey123.arcgis ...

The Zambian flag is green with an orange eagle in the top right and a block of vertical red, black, and orange bands in the bottom right.

Following the abdication of the Emperor in 1823 the Mexican Republic issued a modified design of the Imperial flag. This time, a garland of leaves tied with a bow formed a crest around the cactus, and a rattlesnake was depicted in the clutches of its captor the eagle.

On 23 November 1958 a Ghana-Guinea Union was formed with a flag like that of Ghana but with two black stars. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b]

According to Smith [smi75b], «the green-white-red horizontal of the ruling Convention Peoples’ Party and the green-yellow-red of Africa’s oldest independent nation (Ethiopia) combined to inspire Ghana’s flags.» Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999

According to the official site, the flag designer was a Ghanaian, Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh. Dov Gutterman, 13 March 2002

The griffins bore a scroll, enscribed with the motto “Equidad en la Justicia”, or “Equity in Justice”. The colours now symbolised hope (green), purity (white) and religion (red).

The green colour served as a symbol of independence, the white colour as a symbol of religion and the red colour as a symbol of unity between the ethnic Spaniards and the native Americans of the region.

Alaska flag colors are blue and gold. Just for fun, follow this multimedia link to explore a little bit about the creation and history of the Alaska state flag ...

Dec 11, 2020 — Tony Evers signed Executive Order #98 ordering the flags of the United States and the state of Wisconsin to be flown at half-staff as a mark of ...

When a number of flags are grouped and displayed from stationary staffs, the Philippine flag should be in the center at the highest point or at the right of the ...

An eagle, perched atop a cactus on rocky ground, wears a golden crown. This device is set in the centre of a tricolour in green, white and red.

The indigenous Aztec Empire was defeated by Spain in 1521 it became a colony of the Spanish Empire. During the Spanish occupation both the Cross-of Burgundy and The flag of Spain was taken up to represent New Spain.

Last modified: 2024-07-20 by ian macdonald Keywords: ghana | star: 5 points (black) | Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors 2:3 image by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 History and meaning Colour Specifications Former State ensign Civil ensign (obsolete) Coat of arms Flag related national anthem lyrics See also: National flag: use of the flag President’s flag Historical flags Ghana 1964-1966 Ghana-Guinea-Mali Union (1958-1966) Gold Coast (Ghana under British rule, -1957) Togoland (incl. German eastern Ghana, -1914) Gross-Friedrichsburg (German southern Ghana, 1683-1717) Traditional states Ethnic flags Ashanti people Asafo company flags (Fante people) Kingdom of Godenu Kingdom of Sefwi Obeng-Mim Military and Police flags Ghanaian Armed Forces Ghanaian Navy Ghanaian Air Force Ghana Police Service District flags Western Togoland Municipal flags Accra Metropolitan Assembly Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly House flags of Ghanaian shipping companies Fishermen’s flags in Ghana Ghanaian political flags Ghanaian Parliament flag Civil Aviation Authority and civil air ensign Ghanaian sports flags Nursing and Midwifery Council of Ghana Flags on stamps issued by Ghana Church of Pentecost Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi University of Education, Winneba Bank of Ghana History and meaning The flag was officially hoisted 1957.03.06, replaced shortly with version with white middle stripe 1964.01.01 to 1966.02.28, when this flag was reintroduced. The flag is national flag on land and state ensign. Proportions 2:3. Željko Heimer, 04 July 1996 The Album 2000 [pay00] says: National Flag shows a 2:3 red over yellow over green tricolour with black star in the yellow stripe touching the edges of the other two stripes. A note to the figure explains that the presidential flag is the same, only with golden fringe. Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001According to the official site, the flag designer was a Ghanaian, Mrs. Theodosia Salome Okoh. Dov Gutterman, 13 March 2002 It uses Pan-African colours, with black star for being the first independent African nation of the 20th century. David Kendall, 01 October 1996 It is believed that the black star on the flag of Ghana, the lone star of African freedom, is taken from the flag of the Black Star Line. This shipping line was founded by Marcus Garvey in June 1919 and would take new negro colonists back to Africa. It closed in 1922. The flag was green with a red saltire and a large black star in the centre. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b] According to Smith [smi75b], «the green-white-red horizontal of the ruling Convention Peoples’ Party and the green-yellow-red of Africa’s oldest independent nation (Ethiopia) combined to inspire Ghana’s flags.» Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999 The flag of Ghana consists of red, gold and green horizontal strips with a five pointed black star in the centre of the gold stripe. The color red represents the blood of those who died in the country’s struggle for independence: gold stands for the minerals wealth, while green symbolizes the rich forest. The star represents the lone star of African freedom. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page On 23 November 1958 a Ghana-Guinea Union was formed with a flag like that of Ghana but with two black stars. Mark Sensen, 20 June 2000, quoting from [cra93b] Colour Specifications I haven’t found any legal document about the flag. If anybody has, please share it with us. The Constitution doesn’t mention anything about flag or national symbols.   There is a page of Permanent Mission of Ghana to UN about Ghana Flag Coat of Arms & National Anthem, it also provides illustrations: https://www.ghanamissionun.org/ghana-flag/    Ghana High Commission UK also has a page about flag with its image: https://ghanahighcommissionuk.com/ghanaflag.aspx    Britannica also has a page about Ghana flag (written by Whitney Smith) with an illustration of flag: https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Ghana Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [bib-lna.html] provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ghana, PMS PMS 032 red, 109 yellow, 355 green and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012 Other sources for colors:The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 032 (red), PMS 109 (yellow), PMS 355 (green), and PMS Black. The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] gives colors in Pantone, and CMYK systems:Red: Pantone 186c, CMYK 0-90-75-5 Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-15-90-0Green: Pantone 349c, CMYK 100-0-85-40 The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems.Blue: Pantone 072c, CMYK 100-91-11-2, RGB 16-6-159 Red: Pantone 485c, CMYK 6-94-96-0, RGB 218-41-28Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-1-93-0, RGB 255-204-0Green: Pantone 3425c, CMYK 91-34-95-29, RGB 0-98-51 Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system, PMS 186C (red), PMS 116C (yellow), PMS 349C (green), and PMS Black. Wikipedia illustrates a construction sheet and gives color values as follows:Red: CMYK 0-96-84-19, Hex #CF0921, RGB 207-9-33Yellow: CMYK 0-17-94-1, Hex #FCD20F, RGB 252-210-15Green: CMYK 100-0-43-58, Hex #006B3D, RGB 0-107-61Black: CMYK 100-100-100-99, Hex #000000, RGB 0-0-0 Flag Color Codes gives color values as follows:Red: Hex: # EF3340, RGB 239-51-64, CMYK 0-90-76-0, Pantone 032, RAL 3024Yellow: Hex. # FFD100, RGB 255-209-0, CMYK 0-5-100-0, Pantone 109, RAL 2007Green: Hex. # 009739, RGB 0-151-57, CMYK 93-0-100-0, Pantone 355, RAL 6037Black: Hex. # 000000, RGB 0-0-0, CMYK 0-0-0-100, Pantone Black, RAL 9005 Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 State ensign There was also a blue ensign (state ensign) used in 1960s and abandoned sometimes letter, maybe around 1985. Obscura Secundus, 13 October 2001, quoted by Željko Heimer I don’t find it in [smi75c] nor [smi82], though, so maybe it was abandoned even earlier. Anyone has some info on it? How would it look like (ratio, size of the flag in canton, eventual fimbriation)? I’d guess that there may well have been in both in yellow and white variant, if used in 1960’s. Željko Heimer, 13 October 2001 Civil ensign (obsolete) image by Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001 The Album 2000 [pay00] says: 3. Civil Ensign. ≅5:8 Red ensign with the national flag in canton fimbriated with black line. The book [smi82] gives ratio as 2:3 (also for naval ensign), but ≅5:8 would cover that too. I am somehow ready to bet that there are more 2:3 flags in use then those that are 5:8. Željko Heimer, 08 October 2001 Smith [smi75b] and Album des Pavillons (correction #26, September 1996) show a thick black fimbriation. Pederson [ped70] describes (without image) a civil ensign of the same pattern, but with proportion 5:8. Ivan Sache, 26 June 1999 Politikens Flagbook [rya00a] depicts this flag with merged red, just like in the white ensign for Warships. Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 08 October 2001 The Merchant Flag is like the British Red Ensign, but has the National Flag of Ghana in the canton, with a narrow black fimbriation. Santiago Dotor, 23 February 2000, quoting [c2b81], page 151 1:2 image by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 It appears that the Ghanaian Red Ensign may have become obsolete in 2003, with the passage of a new shipping act. The old Shipping Act of 1963 provided at section 183 that the Ghanaian Red Ensign was proper national colours for Ghanaian-registered ships. The new (2003) merchant shipping act says that the Ghanaian National Flag is the proper national colours for Ghanaian registered ships. James Liston, 24 February 2014 The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

From the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence the rebellion used the symbol of the Virgin of Guadalupe to bring people together.

The Merchant Flag is like the British Red Ensign, but has the National Flag of Ghana in the canton, with a narrow black fimbriation. Santiago Dotor, 23 February 2000, quoting [c2b81], page 151 1:2 image by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 It appears that the Ghanaian Red Ensign may have become obsolete in 2003, with the passage of a new shipping act. The old Shipping Act of 1963 provided at section 183 that the Ghanaian Red Ensign was proper national colours for Ghanaian-registered ships. The new (2003) merchant shipping act says that the Ghanaian National Flag is the proper national colours for Ghanaian registered ships. James Liston, 24 February 2014 The Ghana Shipping Act, 2003 (no. 645 of 2003), is now ten years old, and it provides:93. National coloursThe national flag of Ghana is declared to be the national colours for all Ghanaian ships94. Right to fly the flag of Ghana (1) A ship registered or licensed in accordance with this Act as a Ghanaian ship shall fly the national flag of Ghana.(2) Subsection (1) shall not be construed as prohibiting ships which are exempt from registration or licensing under this Act from flying in Ghanaian waters the national colours of Ghana.Prior to that, the Merchant Shipping Act of 1963 provided for a Ghanaian Red Ensign as the civil ensign. The 2003 legislation,however, appears to have made this flag obsolete. James T. Liston, 1 April 2014 Based on my observations on pictures I found, Ghana uses a National Ensign, which is a 1:2 version of the National Flag. (usage grid should be: -/-/-/C/S/W): https://maritimafrica.com/en/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/350136098_149388241385420_6749876793890080966_n.jpg https://br.pinterest.com/pin/20407004535505422/Coat of arms image located by Zoltan Horvath, 6 June 2024 The coat of arms of Ghana consists of a shield divided into four quarters by a green St. George’s cross rimmed with gold. In the top left-hand quarter is a crossed linguist staff and ceremonial sword on a blue background, representing local administration. In the top right-hand quarter is an heraldic castle on an heraldic sea with a light blue background, representing national government. In the bottom two quarters are a cocoa tree and a mine shaft representing the wealth of the country. In the centre of the green St. George cross will be found a gold lion, representing the continued link between Ghana and the Commonwealth. Surmounting the shield is a black five pointed star rimmed with gold, representing the lone star of African freedom, and this star stands on the wreath to the colors red, gold and green which again stand on the top of the shield. Under the shield will be found the motto FREEDOM AND JUSTICE. The supporters of the coat of arms are two eagles, colored gold. Around each eagle’s neck hangs a black star suspended from a ribbon of Ghana’s colors. Dov Gutterman, 19 December 1998, quoting from Johnston’s page Flag related national anthem lyrics The national anthem of Ghana mentions the flag and the black star in its third stanza: Raise high the flag of Ghana, And one with Africa advance; Black Star of hope and honour, To all who thirst for liberty; Where the banner of Ghana freely flies, May the way to freedom truly lie Source: Johnston’s page (the source says "Where the naner of Ghana freely flies", but I assumed "banner" was intended and corrected the text accordingly). Ivan Sache, 22 April 2002 Lyrics relating to the flag in the first verse of a 1956-1960 song: Lift high the flag of Ghana,The gay star shining in the sky,Bright with the souls of our fathers,Beneath whose shade we'll live and die!Red for the blood of the heroes in the fight, Green for the precious farms of our birth-right,And linked with these the shining golden bandThat marks the richness of our Fatherland. David Kendall, 21 July 2006

Mexico was declared to be an Empire with its head of state, Agustín de Lturbide, chosen as Emperor. A new flag that said to have been designed by the Emperor himself and bore many of the elements of today’s Mexican flag.

The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [bib-lna.html] provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be. For Ghana, PMS PMS 032 red, 109 yellow, 355 green and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.Ian Sumner, 11 October 2012

I don’t find it in [smi75c] nor [smi82], though, so maybe it was abandoned even earlier. Anyone has some info on it? How would it look like (ratio, size of the flag in canton, eventual fimbriation)? I’d guess that there may well have been in both in yellow and white variant, if used in 1960’s. Željko Heimer, 13 October 2001

The flag was officially hoisted 1957.03.06, replaced shortly with version with white middle stripe 1964.01.01 to 1966.02.28, when this flag was reintroduced. The flag is national flag on land and state ensign. Proportions 2:3. Željko Heimer, 04 July 1996

The eagle is drawn from Aztec mythology, in which the people are commanded to build a city (formerly Tenochtitlan, now called Mexico City) on the ground where an eagle can be found attacking a snake, upon a cactus.