Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355). In modern times, red symbolizes the Ashrafs of the Hijaz and the Hashemites, descendants of the Prophet.

The Palestinian people re-adopted the flag at the Palestinian conference in Gaza in 1948. The flag was recognized by the Arab League as the flag of the Palestinian people. It was further endorsed by the PLO, the representative of the Palestinians, at the Palestinian conference in Jerusalem in 1964.

The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassinationof relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala.

Sharif Hussein designed the current flag as the flag of the Arab Revolt of 10 June 1916. The Palestinian people raised it as the flag of the Arab national movement in 1917. In 1947, the Arab Ba'ath Party interpreted the flag as a symbol of the liberation and unity of the Arab nation.

In pre-Islamic times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle.

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The importance of strengthening our Palestinian presence and maintain our historical rights in Jerusalem cannot be over-emphasized as the late Faisal Al- Husseini once put it: “The existence of Palestinian organizations in Jerusalem is a reflection of the Palestinian people’s existence.”

Your donation will help PASSIA to maintain its presence and voice in Jerusalem and sustain its work.

The Umayyads ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the Abbasids, by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning.

Against all odds and monetary pressures, however, PASSIA remains steadfast in the city and committed to continue its longstanding work in dialogue, policy research, education, information and publication, as well as its extensive involvement in the question of Jerusalem.

The central emblem on the tricolour shows in graphic form the foundation myth of the ancient Aztec empire. The scene depicted is the one that the Indian founders of Tenochtitlán (now Mexico City) supposedly saw in 1325, which met their prophecies of the predestined site for their capital—namely, an eagle with a snake in its beak standing on a cactus growing out of rocks in the middle of water. Various artistic renditions of this scene have been utilized over the years by different regimes to symbolize both Mexican nationality and adherence to changing political philosophies. For example, from 1821 to 1823 and from 1864 to 1867, Mexico was an empire and the eagle on the flag was crowned. The current version of the arms shows a wreath of oak and laurel tied with a ribbon in the national green-white-red colours. This version of the flag was made official on September 17, 1968.

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were the first Islamic group to emerge after the assassination of Caliph Uthman III, forming the first republican party in the early days of Islam. Their symbol was the red flag.

In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags-one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, “There is no God but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God.”

They took green as their color, to symbolize their allegiance to Ali, the Prophet's cousin, who was once wrapped in a green coverlet in place of the Prophet in order to thwart an assassination attempt.

Relying almost entirely on grants our resources are very limited. As an institution located in East Jerusalem we are subject to the Israeli legal system that in itself is a financial burden in terms of minimum wages, ancillary wage costs, pension schemes, high rents, etc. - costs funders or donors are hardly covering.

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Green was used continuously until the rule of Salah Al-Din (Saladin) Al-Ayoubi, who briefly used yellow during the confrontation with the Crusaders.

The struggle for Mexican independence took place under a number of flags, but, when it was finally achieved in 1821 under the conservative Iguala Plan, a tricolour of green-white-red was officially established. This design may have been influenced by the French Tricolor, but the colours were distinctively Mexican. Green symbolizes independence, white is for the Roman Catholic religion, and red is for union—the “Three Guarantees” of Iguala. That political compromise allowed Mexico to free itself from Spain while preserving the supremacy of Roman Catholicism and of the social system in which the privileged Creoles ruled over those of mixed ethnic background and the Indian majority.